The Church of Sancta Sophia, Constantinople: A Study of Byzantine BuildingLethaby, W. R. (William Richard)
Religion
The Church of Sancta Sophia, Constantinople: A Study of Byzantine Building
Lethaby, W. R. (William Richard)
Ayasofya Müzesi
who would be so useful in effecting his designs, and we are compelled
to admire the wisdom of the emperor, in being able to choose the most
suitable of mankind to execute the noblest of his works.
“The church consequently presents a most glorious spectacle,
extraordinary to those who behold it, and altogether incredible to
those who are told of it. In height it rises to the very heavens, and
overtops the neighbouring buildings like a ship anchored among them,
appearing above the rest of the city, while it adorns and forms a part
of it. One of its beauties is that being a part of and growing out of
the city, it rises so high that the whole city can be seen as from a
watchtower. The length and breadth are so judiciously arranged that it
appears to be both long and wide without being disproportioned.
“It is distinguished by indescribable beauty, excelling both in its
size, and in the harmony of its measures, having no part excessive and
none deficient; being more magnificent than ordinary buildings, and
much more elegant than those which are not of so just a proportion.
The church is singularly full of light and sunshine; you would declare
that the place is not lighted by the sun from without, but that the
rays are produced within itself, such an abundance of light is poured
into this church. _The Apse._--Now the head (_prosopon_) of the church
(that is to say the part towards the rising sun, where the sacred
mysteries are performed in honour of God) is built as follows. The
building rises from the ground not in a straight line, but setting
back somewhat obliquely, it retreats in the middle into a rounded form
which those who are learned in these matters call semicylindrical,
rising perpendicularly. _Apsoid and Semidome._--The upper part of
this work ends in the fourth part of a sphere, and above it another
crescent-shaped (_menoeides_) structure is raised upon the adjacent
parts of the building, admirable for its beauty, but causing terror by
the apparent weakness of its construction; for it appears not to rest
upon a secure foundation, but to hang dangerously over the heads of
those below, although it is really supported with especial firmness and
safety. _Exedras._--On each side of these parts are columns standing
upon the floor, which are not placed in a straight line, but arranged
with an inward curve of semicircular shape, one beyond another like the
dancers in a chorus. These columns support above them a crescent-shaped
structure. Opposite the east wall is built another wall, containing
the entrances, and upon either side of it also stand columns, with
stone-work above them, in a half-circle exactly like those previously
described. _Great Piers and Arches._--In the midst of the church are
four masses of stone called piers (_pessoi_), two on the north, and
two on the south sides, opposite and alike, having four columns in the
space between each pair. These piers are formed of large stones fitted
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