[33] Acts i. 20. It may be suspected that the idea of the bridge originated in a confusion between the Greek _epaulis_, “abode,” and _ep-aulou_, “over a pipe” (or “aqueduct”--_aulōn_), the bridge of Adamnanus being that of the low-level aqueduct south-west of the city, as Robinson supposed. [34] Ant. Martyr (_c._ 570 A. D.); Adamnanus (_c._ 680 A. D.), “Pons lapideus occurrit eminus per vallem ad austrum recto tramite directus arcubus sussaltus”; Sir John Maundeville (1342 A. D.); Zuallardo (1586 A. D.), “Dev. Viag.,” p. 152. The “Arch of Judas” was inside the city about 1187 A. D. [35] Bordeaux Pilgrim, Eucherius (_c._ 440 A. D.), Theodorus (_c._ 530 A. D.), Sæwulf (_c._ 1102 A. D.), John of Würzburg (_c._ 1160 A. D.). [36] John viii. 3, 6. Bernardus (867 A. D.), Sæwulf, John of Würzburg, Maundeville. [37] “Mem. West Pal. Survey,” iii. p. 24; Reland, _Pal._ p. 688; Theodorus (530 A. D.); Sæwulf (1102 A. D.); Abbot Daniel (_c._ 1106 A. D.); John of Würzburg (_c._ 1160 A. D.); Phocas (_c._ 1185 A. D.); “Citez de Jhérusalem” (after 1187 A. D.); Marino Sanudo (_c._ 1320 A. D.); Regesta Reg. Hierosol. No. 329 (1157 A. D.). C. K. Spyridonidis, in _Pal. Expl. Fund Quarterly_ (April 1907, p. 137), gives the inscription. [38] John of Würzburg, “Quod a Sarracenis postea mutatum est in horologium.” He follows Fetellus (_c._ 1151–7 A. D.). [39] “Mem. Survey West Pal.,” Jerusalem vol., 1883, pp. 331–40. [40] Canon Dalton and M. Clermont-Ganneau, _Pal. Expl. Fund Quarterly_, 1900, pp. 166 _seq._ [41] _Pal. Expl. Fund Quarterly_, 1902, p. 122. [42] Marino Sanudo (_c._ 1320 A. D.). [43] Zuallardo, “Dev. Viag.” (1586 A. D.), gives a drawing of the whole course of the Via Dolorosa. [44] Schick, _Pal. Expl. Fund Quarterly_, April 1896, p. 122, July 1896; T. Tobler, “Topogr.,” i. p. 445. [45] “Mem. Survey West Pal.,” Jerusalem vol., 1883, p. 419; Josephus, “Wars,” V. xii. 2. CHAPTER II BEFORE DAVID