Greek scholarship 195 Oriental scholarship 197 Pico’s view of antiquity 202 CHAPTER IV. HUMANISM IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY. Its inevitable victory 203 Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio 205 Coronation of the poets 207 CHAPTER V. THE UNIVERSITIES AND SCHOOLS. Position of the Humanists at the Universities 211 Latin schools 213 Freer education: Vittorino da Feltre 213 Guarino of Verona 215 The education of princes 216 CHAPTER VI. THE FURTHERERS OF HUMANISM. Florentine citizens: Niccoli and Manetti 217 The earlier Medici 220 Humanism at the Courts 222 The Popes from Nicholas V. onwards 223 Alfonso of Naples 225 Frederick of Urbino 227 The Houses of Sforza and Este 227 Sigismodo Malatesta 228 CHAPTER VII. THE REPRODUCTION OF ANTIQUITY. LATIN CORRESPONDENCE AND ORATIONS. The Papal Chancery 230 Letter-writing 232 The orators 233 Political, diplomatic, and funeral orations 236 Academic and military speeches 237 Latin sermons 238 Form and matter of the speeches 239 Passion for quotation 240 Imaginary speeches 241 Decline of eloquence 242 CHAPTER VIII. LATIN TREATISES AND HISTORY. Value of Latin 243 Researches on the Middle Ages: Blondus 245 Histories in Italian; their antique spirit 246 CHAPTER IX. GENERAL LATINISATION OF CULTURE. Ancient names 250 Latinised social relations 251 Claims of Latin to supremacy 252 Cicero and the Ciceronians 253