The Amphibia whose remains have been brought to light from the Coal Measures have hitherto been regarded as pertaining to a single order, the Stegocephalia, characterized by the completely roofed-over cranium and a large parasphenoid. The writer (469) had previously assigned 5 suborders to the group: the Branchiosauria, Microsauria, Aistopoda, Temnospondylia, and Stereospondylia. All of these groups are represented in the Coal Measures of North America. It has seemed inadvisable, in the light of our present knowledge of the Amphibia, to retain these 5 groups as suborders, and, in the revised scheme of classification which has been published elsewhere (469), they are given the rank of orders all excepting the Aistopoda, which are now regarded by the writer as specialized Microsauria. The recent Caudata are possibly represented in the North American Coal Measures by forms which may be assigned tentatively to the Proteida. Such forms as _Cocytinus gyrinoides_, _Hyphasma lævis_, and _Erierpeton branchialis_ possibly represent this group in the Pennsylvanian. This relationship is based chiefly on the structure of the hyobranchial apparatus and on the general structure of the species. The three above-mentioned species are, however, very insufficiently known, and the relationship can hardly be regarded as more than suggested by the characters which are at hand. The Salientia, or frogs, may possibly have their ancestral type in _Pelion lyelli_, the first known species from the Linton, Ohio, Coal Measures. Oddly enough, among the hundreds of specimens collected later from this horizon, not a fragment can be identified with this species. The type specimen is unique, and although incomplete its characters are suggestive. The Branchiosauria are represented in North America by four species: _Micrerpeton caudatum_, _Eumicrerpeton parvum_, _Mazonerpeton longicaudatum_, and _M. costatum_. Three other genera which occur in North America have been placed (642) in this group, but they do not belong there, for reasons given below. The branchiosaurs were salamander-like in appearance. They were naked, with the exception of small ovoid scales on the back and the chevron-shaped armature of the ventral surface, the latter being almost universally present among the Paleozoic Amphibia. They were adapted for life in the water for at least the early part of their existence, as is shown by the possession of gills on many of the late Carboniferous and early Permian forms of Europe. The group is, without doubt, ancestral to the modern Caudata. No branchiosaurians have been described elsewhere from so low in the geological series as those here given and they are the first and only evidence of the occurrence of the group in the western hemisphere.