The Temnospondylia are represented by scanty remains of species from Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Nova Scotia. The forms belonging to this group are all relatively large, and they had a wide geographical distribution during the Permian. This group contains two types of vertebræ, known as the embolomerous and the rachitomous, both of which are present in the Coal Measures. Such forms as _Eosaurus_, _Baphetes_, _Eobaphetes kansensis_, _Macrerpeton_, and _Dendrerpeton_ are regarded tentatively as temnospondyles, but there is no definite assurance that they are such. It is possible that _Eosaurus_ is a stereospondyle, but the species is too incompletely known for a definite statement to be made. The close resemblance between the vertebræ of _Eosaurus_ and _Anthracosaurus_ has been noted by Huxley (332). The Stereospondylia are very scantily represented in the Coal Measures, if at all. _Eosaurus_ may belong here as indicated above. The tooth and cranial fragments discovered and described by Williston from the Coal Measures of Kansas may represent a stereospondyle as he states (608), but the evidence is incomplete. A fragment of a large rib (plate 22, fig. 4) of a species from Linton, Ohio, otherwise unknown, may be a stereospondyle. We would expect an early development for this group, but it is' an interesting fact that no stereospondyles are known definitely before the Triassic, during which period they had an extensive distribution. CHAPTER II. HISTORY OF THE DISCOVERY OF AMPHIBIA IN THE COAL MEASURES. Sir William Logan, in 1841, discovered in the Coal Measures of Horton's Bluff, Nova Scotia, some tracks of Amphibia which he carried to London and which Sir Richard Owen pronounced to be undoubted "reptilian" tracks. This fact was published in 1842 (380) and was the first recorded evidence of the occurrence of land vertebrates in the Carboniferous rocks of the world. To these tracks Sir William Dawson later gave the name of _Hylopus logani_. Two years later Dr. Gergens (291) wrote a letter to Professor Bronn, the founder and one of the editors of the "Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologic und Paleontologie," in regard to an important discovery in the Carboniferous rocks of Germany. The letter is of such exceptional interest in connection with the history of the fossil Amphibia that it is given here: "In dem Brandschiefer von Münsterappel in Rhein-Bayern habe ich in vorigen Jahre einen Salamander aufgefunden und Hrn. H. v. Meyer in Frankfurt zur näheren Untersuchung und Beschreibung übergeben;--Gehört dieser Schiefer der Kohlen-Formation?--in diesem Falle ware der Fund in anderen Hinsicht interessant."