HISTORIES OF VERNACULAR LITERATURE. Bengali. C. S. PATERSON, M.A., Calcutta. Gujarātī. Marāthī. NICOL MACNICOL, M.A., D.Litt., Poona. Tamil. Telugu. P. CHENCHIAH, M.A., Madras, and RAJA BHUJANGA RAO, Ellore. Malayālam. T. K. JOSEPH, B.A., L.T., Trivandrum. Urdū. B. GHOSHAL, M.A., Bhopal. Burmese. PROF. TUNG PE, Rangoon. Sinhalese. NOTABLE INDIAN PEOPLES. The Rājpūts. The Syrian Christians. K. C. MAMMEN MAPILLAI, Alleppey. The Sikhs. VARIOUS. Modern Folk Tales. W. NORMAN BROWN, M.A., Ph.D., Philadelphia. Indian Village Government. Poems by Indian Women. MRS. N. MACNICOL. Classical Sanskrit Literature. Indian Temple Legends. K. T. PAUL, B.A., Calcutta. Indian Astronomy and Chronology. DEWAN BAHADUR L. D. SWAMIKANNU PILLAI, Madras. The Languages of India. PROF. R. L. TURNER, London. EDITORIAL PREFACE “Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honourable, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things.” No section of the population of India can afford to neglect her ancient heritage. In her literature, philosophy, art, and regulated life there is much that is worthless, much also that is distinctly unhealthy; yet the treasures of knowledge, wisdom, and beauty which they contain are too precious to be lost. Every citizen of India needs to use them, if he is to be a cultured modern Indian. This is as true of the Christian, the Muslim, the Zoroastrian as of the Hindu. But, while the heritage of India has been largely explored by scholars, and the results of their toil are laid out for us in their books, they cannot be said to be really available for the ordinary man. The volumes are in most cases expensive, and are often technical and difficult. Hence this series of cheap books has been planned by a group of Christian men, in order that every educated Indian, whether rich or poor, may be able to find his way into the treasures of India’s past. Many Europeans, both in India and elsewhere, will doubtless be glad to use the series. The utmost care is being taken by the General Editors in selecting writers, and in passing manuscripts for the press. To every book two tests are rigidly applied: everything must be scholarly, and everything must be sympathetic. The purpose is to bring the best out of the ancient treasuries, so that it may be known, enjoyed, and used. THE HERITAGE OF INDIA SERIES THE COINS OF INDIA BY C. J. BROWN, M.A. READER IN ENGLISH LITERATURE, LUCKNOW UNIVERSITY; MEMBER OF THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY OF INDIA. With Twelve Plates