“Time, which antiquates antiquities, and hath an art to make dust of all things, hath yet spared these minor monuments.” —SIR THOMAS BROWNE, _Hydriotaphia_. ASSOCIATION PRESS (Y.M.C.A.) 5, RUSSELL STREET, CALCUTTA LONDON: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK, TORONTO, MELBOURNE, BOMBAY, CALCUTTA AND MADRAS 1922 _The Right of Translation is Reserved._ CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE INTRODUCTION 7 ABBREVIATIONS 11 I. THE EARLIEST COINAGE OF INDIA 13 II. COINS OF THE INDO-GREEKS, THE ŚAKAS AND PAHLAVAS 22 III. COINS OF THE KUSHĀṆA KINGS 33 IV. THE COINAGE OF THE GUPTAS 40 V. THE MEDIÆVAL COINAGES OF NORTHERN AND CENTRAL INDIA TILL THE MUHAMMADAN CONQUEST 50 VI. THE COINAGE OF SOUTHERN INDIA 56 VII. THE MUHAMMADAN DYNASTIES OF DEHLĪ 67 VIII. THE COINAGES OF THE MUHAMMADAN STATES 78 IX. COINS OF THE SŪRIS AND THE MUGHALS 89 X. CONTEMPORARIES AND SUCCESSORS OF THE MUGHALS 100 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 110 PRINCIPAL COLLECTIONS OF INDIAN COINS 112 INDEX 113 LIST OF PLATES PLATE NEAR PAGE I. EARLIEST COINS OF INDIA 20 II. COINAGE OF THE INDO-GREEKS, ETC. 21 III. COINAGE OF THE INDO-SCYTHIANS, ETC. 30 IV. KUSHĀṆA COINS 31 V. COINAGE OF THE GUPTAS 38 VI. MEDIÆVAL COINAGE OF NORTHERN INDIA 39 VII. SOUTH INDIAN COINS 48 VIII. COINS OF THE SULTANS OF DEHLĪ 49 IX. COINS OF MUHAMMADAN STATES 54 X. SŪRI AND MUGHAL COINS 55 XI. MUGHAL COINS 64 XII. COINS OF POST MUGHAL DYNASTIES, ETC. 65 _The Key to each Plate will be found on the page facing it._ INTRODUCTION