7. Id: Aḥmadābād. 982. AR. Wt. 175 grs. Rev., within dotted square border, _Jalālu-d-dīn Muḥammad Akbar bādshāh g̱ẖāzī, 982_; margins, portions of _As-sult̤ānu-l-a’z̤am ḵẖ̱allada allāhu ta’ālā mulkahu wa salt̤anatahu ẓuriba daru-s-salt̤anati Aḥmadābād_ (“Struck at the seat of sovereignty Aḥmadābād”). 8. Id: Āgra.[36] 50 R. AR. Wt. 175 grs. Obv., in octagonal border, on ornamental ground, _Allāhu Akbar jalla jalālahu_, “God is great, eminent is his glory.” Rev., within similar border, _Ẓarb-i-Āgrah Amardād Ilāhī 50_, “Struck at Āgra, Amardād Ilāhī year 50.” 9. Id: Āgra. [50 R.] AV. Wt. 182 grs. Obv., within dotted circle, on ornamented ground, a duck to right. 10. Id: Dehlī. 43 R. Æ. Wt. about 640 grs. Obv., _Tankah-i-Akbar Shāhī ẓarb-i-Dehlī_, Tankah of Akbar Shāh. “Struck at Dehlī.” Rev., _Māh Dī Ilāhī 43_, “In the month Dī, Ilāhī year 43.” 11. Id: Mintless. 43 R. AR. Wt. 87 grs. Half rupee. Obv., within square dotted border, legend as on No. 8. Rev., _Shahrīwar Ilāhī 43_. 12. Jahāngīr. 1014-1 R. AR. (A “Ḵẖ̱air qabūl.”) Obv., within dotted border _Jahāngīr bādshāh ghāzī 1_. Rev., _Khair qabūl_, “May these alms be accepted.” [36] With the introduction of the Ilāhī coins, Persian gradually supersedes Arabic in the inscriptions. The one break in this monotonous Kashmīrī series occurs in the reign of the tyrant Harsha-deva (1089-1111), who struck both gold and silver in imitation of the ornate gold of Koṅgudeśa (Pl. VII, 5) in Southern India, with an elephant’s head on the obverse. The same king also issued a gold coin with a Horseman obverse and the usual seated goddess on the reverse (Pl. VI, 14). The sparseness and inferiority of the coinage during the period under discussion in this chapter must be attributed chiefly to the general insecurity, caused by the continual quarrels between the numerous petty states. This state of unrest, together with the previous impoverishment of the country at the hands of the Huns, doubtless accounts for the small output of gold. It must be remembered that mercantile contracts in India have always been carried on largely by notes of hand (_hundīs_), and in times of disturbance these could be conveyed more safely from city to city than coined money. The scarcity of silver was due to other causes. At this period the world supply of this metal seems to have been drawn chiefly from Central Asia. The rise of the Arab power and the consequent disturbances in Central Asia interrupted trade between India and the west by land and sea, and must have curtailed, if they did not cut off completely, the import of silver from abroad. So we find the Rājpūt states reduced to employing an alloy, billon, which was almost certainly used by them as a substitute for the more precious metal.