The rupee, adopted from Sher Shāh’s currency, is the most famous of all Mug̱ẖal coins. The name occurs only once, on a rupee of Āgra minted in Akbar’s forty-seventh year.[62] This, too, maintained its standard of weight, 178 grains, practically unimpaired, although during the reigns of the later emperors some rupees minted by their officers are deficient in purity. The “heavy” rupees of Jahāngīr’s early years exceed the normal weight, like the muhars, first by one-fifth and then by one-fourth; and a few slightly heavier than the normal standard were also minted by Shāh ’Ālam Bahādur and Farruḵẖ̱siyar in Bihār and Bengal. Halves, quarters, eighths and sixteenths were also struck. In Sūrat the half rupee appears to have been in special demand, and in Akbar’s reign the half rupee was also the principal coin issuing from Kābul. [62] Cf. _Lahore Museum Catalogue_ (Mug̱ẖal Emperors), Pl. XXI, iv. In addition to the regular gold and silver currency, special small pieces were occasionally struck for largesse; the commonest of these is the _nis̤ār_, struck in silver by Jahāngīr, Shāh Jahān, Aurangzeb, Jahāndār and Farruḵẖ̱siyar. Gold _nis̤ārs_ are very scarce (Pl. XI, 8). Jahāngīr also issued similar pieces, which he called _Nūr afshān_, “Light scattering,” and _Ḵẖ̱air qabūl_, “May these alms be accepted” (Pl. X, 12). In 1679 Aurangzeb reimposed the _jizyā_, or poll-tax, on infidels, and, in order to facilitate payment in the orthodox manner, struck the _dirham shar’ī_, “legal dirham,” usually square in shape, in a number of mints (Pl. XI, 11). Farruḵẖ̱siyar again issued these dirhams, when he re-instituted the poll-tax in the sixth year of his reign. The Mug̱ẖal copper coinage is based on Sher Shāh’s dām of 320 to 330 grains, which, with its half, quarter and eighth, continued to be struck until the fifth year of Aurangzeb, 1663 (A.H. 1073). The name _dām_ occurs only once on a half dām of Akbar of Srīnagar mint. The usual term employed is _Fulūs_, “copper money,” or _Sikkah fulūs_, “stamped copper money.” The names _niṣfī_ (half dām), _damrā_ (= quarter dām), _damrī_ (= one eighth of a dām) also appear on Akbar’s copper. Jahāngīr inscribes the word _rawānī_ on some of his full and half dāms, and _rā’īj_ on his smaller pieces, both meaning simply “current.” Between the forty-fifth and fiftieth years of Akbar’s reign were issued, from eight mints, the full _tankah_ of 644 grains weight, with its half, quarter, eighth and sixteenth parts, though the large full _tankahs_ are known only from Āgra, Dehlī (Pl. X, 10), Aḥmadābād and Bairāt. About the same time Akbar introduced the decimal standard, with his series of four, two and one _tānkī_ pieces, struck at Aḥmadābād, Āgra, Kābul and Lāhor; ten _tānkīs_ being equal to one full _tankah_.