The collected works of William Hazlitt, Vol. 11 (of 12)Hazlitt, William
Philosophy
The collected works of William Hazlitt, Vol. 11 (of 12)
Hazlitt, William
English essays -- 19th century
‘Seeing, then, that truth consisteth in the right ordering of names in
our affirmations, a man that seeketh precise truth had need to remember
what every name he uses stands for, and to place it accordingly: or else
he will find himself entangled in words, as a bird in lime-twigs. And
therefore in Geometry (which is the only science that it has pleased God
hitherto to bestow on mankind) men begin at settling the significations
of their words, which settling of significations they call definitions,
and place them in the beginning of their reckoning. By this it appears
how necessary it is for any man that aspires to true knowledge to
examine the definitions of former authors, and either to correct them
when they are negligently set down, or to make them himself. For the
errors of definition multiply themselves according as the reckoning
proceeds; and lead men into absurdities which they at last see, but
cannot avoid without reckoning anew from the beginning. From whence it
happens that they which trust to books do as they that cast up many
little sums into a greater, without considering whether those little
sums were rightly cast up or not, and at last finding the error visible,
and not mistrusting their first grounds, know not which way to clear
themselves, but spend time in fluttering over their books, as birds that
entering by the chimney, and finding themselves enclosed in a chamber,
flutter at the false light of a glass window, for want of wit to
consider which way they came in. So that in the right definition of
names, lies the first use of speech, which is the acquisition of
science, and in wrong or no definitions lies the first abuse, from which
proceed all false and senseless tenets; which make them that take their
instruction from the authority of books and not from their own
meditations, to be as much below the condition of ignorant men, as men
endued with true science are above it. For between true science and
erroneous doctrines, ignorance is in the middle. Natural sense and
imagination are not subject to absurdity. Nature itself cannot err; and
as men abound in copiousness of language, so they become more wise or
more mad than ordinary. Nor is it possible without letters for any man
to become either excellently wise or (unless his memory be hurt by
disease or ill constitution of organs) excellently foolish. For words
are wise men’s counters, they do but reckon by them: but they are the
money of fools, that value them by the authority of an Aristotle, a
Cicero, a Thomas Aquinas, or any other doctor whatsoever.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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