Undoubtedly the most remarkable journey in any other sort of craft than a steamboat was that undertaken by a party of eighteen miners in 1865. They built a large sailing boat at Colville and in her ran up the entire course of the River, never having their boat entirely out of water, though our informant says that they must have had her on skids part of the way. They reached the very head of the Columbia, over seven hundred miles above their starting point, hauled their boat across Canal Flats, launched her again on the Kootenai, and so descended that furious stream to Fort Steele on Wild Horse Creek. The full history of that journey would be deserving of a place in any record of daring exploration. In concluding this chapter, it may be said that there are now upon the lower Columbia some of the swiftest and most beautiful "fire-canoes" in the world. These ply on the two great scenic routes, one from Portland to Astoria, and the other from Portland to The Dalles. The most noted of these swift steamers at present writing are the _Hassalo_ (No. 2), the _T. J. Potter_, the _Charles D. Spencer_, and the _Bailey Gatzert_. CHAPTER XI Era of the Miner, the Cowboy, the Farmer, the Boomer, and the Railroad Builder Early Gold-hunters--Gold in California--Effects of that Discovery on the Columbia River Country--Growth of Towns on the Columbia--Discovery of Gold in the Colville Country--Gold on the Clearwater--Stampede to the Idaho Mines--Cowboys Rush in with the Miners--Sudden Development of Industries at Walla Walla, Lewiston, and Other Towns--Profits and Fare in the Mines in 1861--The Hard Winter--Development of the Farming Industry--The Boomers--The Hard Times--The Railroad Age--Beginning of Railroading in the Willamette Valley--Ben Holladay--Transcontinental Railways--Henry Villard--His Great Building and his Downfall--The Present Railroads on the River--Dr. D. S. Baker and the Pioneer Railroad on the Upper River. The age of gold in the Columbia pressed hard upon that of the trappers. But it dawned first far south. The Spaniards had sought the precious metals with boundless energy. Richly had the treasures of the Montezumas and the Incas rewarded their reckless cupidity. But as they moved northward they met with nothing but disappointment. The El Dorados of their ardent fancy had vanished as they turned toward Oregon and California. In 1848 the guns of Stockton and Fremont thundered the salvos of American occupation over the Sierras. Just as the sovereignty of Uncle Sam was acknowledged, the long-sought discovery of gold startled the world.