Puget Sound is its only present competitor. But the water-grade through the Cascade Mountains, along the banks of the Columbia, constitutes an advantage beyond the reach of permanent competition. Here, however, the critic comes in and claims that the Bar at the mouth of the River forbids entrance of the largest ships. This in a measure is true, though the difficulties of the Columbia Bar have been grossly exaggerated. There are over twenty-five feet of water on the Bar at the lowest tide. The flood-tide adds from six to twelve feet. In any ordinary weather, forty feet of water is safe enough for any vessel. But if marine architecture is going to keep pace with growing commerce, we may soon have ships drawing forty or fifty feet of water. If so, the Bar may indeed seriously block the heaviest commerce. Some observers have, therefore, believed that the big freights of the future will enter the Straits of Fuca, go to some one of the Puget Sound ports, thence pass by rail across the low tract of country between the Sound and the Columbia River, and proceed thence by the River route to the interior and eastward. This would combine the advantages of the two great routes of the Pacific North-west, abundant depth of water, low altitudes, and easy grades. This would, in truth, come nearest to realising the dream of the old navigators, the Strait of Anian. In any event, the future world will look to our River as the goal of markets as well as of vision, and as a highway of nations both for freights and for tourists. PART II A Journey Down the River CHAPTER I In the Heart of the Canadian Rockies Extent of Navigation on the River--Attractions of a Canoe Journey--The Canadian Pacific Railroad--Banff and Lake Louise--Summit of the Rockies--The Continental Divide and its Western Descent--Field and the Wapta River--Golden and the Upper Columbia--Peculiar Interlocking of the Columbia and the Kootenai, and Professor Dawson's Explanation of this--Views of the Selkirks and the Rockies--Some Steamboat Men and their Tales--Captain Armstrong's Adventures on the Kootenai--The Picture Rocks--Lake Windermere--The Location of the Old Thompson Fort--Baptiste Morigeau and his Stories of Pioneer Days--The War between the Shuswaps and the Okanogans--Down the River from Golden--Rapids and Navigation--By the Canadian Pacific through the Selkirks--Glacier and the Illecillewaet--Revelstoke and the River again--Wise Management of the Canadian Government and the Railroad.