The Common Nature of Epidemics, and their relation to climate and civilizationSmith, Southwood
History
The Common Nature of Epidemics, and their relation to climate and civilization
Smith, Southwood
Communicable diseases; Epidemics; Quarantine
“But with regard to the ship ‘Dygden,’ I find that she had already
received pratique, and had been admitted to free intercourse with the
shore, on the 6th of August, _four days previously to the alleged visit
of Fenic_, the date of which, notwithstanding Caffiero’s loss of memory
on his second examination, had already been ascertained by Villalunga to
have been Sunday, August 10th, on which day Fenic, therefore, could
commit no crime by going on board; and the story of the bribe and
injunction to secrecy resolves itself into a clumsy and ill-disguised
attempt at giving a colour of guilt to a fabulous occurrence which, even
if it had been real, would have been guiltless.
“His second evidence concludes thus:—‘My mother was a washerwoman, and
washed for a black woman who lived next her. Fenic’s wife refused to
wash the bundle of clothes that he brought ashore; he offered them to my
mother, who also refused them; he then gave them to an Englishwoman: I
knew her: _she is dead: I do not know her name, nor where she lived_.’ I
find by my notes that he added, ‘This occurred during last winter,’
although the words are not entered upon the minutes. He was then asked,
‘What season of the year was it that you were on board of ship?’ To
which he cautiously replied, ‘It was either summer or winter, I
believe.’
“Evidence such as this, and given as I saw it given, bears on its face
every character of falsehood; and disbelieving as I do this boy’s whole
story, and at the same time considering his extreme youth, the testimony
given by him has upon my mind the further operation of tainting with
more than suspicion all the other evidence proceeding from the same
class of witnesses, which consisted chiefly of hearsay in conversation
with persons who had since died; because it would seem that this child
must have been an instrument in the hands of some one of maturer age.”
The suspicion attached to the second appearance of this child is
confirmed by a similar re-appearance of Villalunga, who, after sixteen
days’ absence from the Board, on the 24th of April, again presents
herself as a witness. She now remembers that Mrs Fenic had asked her to
wash some clothes; that she did not wash them, being herself indisposed;
but that she was told by Mrs Fenic that she put these clothes out to be
washed.
Mr Howell thus comments on this second appearance of Villalunga:—
“I have observed that Caffiero added to his original testimony so much
as to give to it a new character altogether; I now observe that six days
after Caffiero’s amended testimony, and sixteen days after her own
original examination, the woman Villalunga comes back with a new story,
of which, singularly enough, the principal point is made to coincide
with the alterations and emendations in the evidence of Caffiero.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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