The Common Spiders of the United StatesEmerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Science
The Common Spiders of the United States
Emerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Spiders -- United States
$Anyphæna calcarata.$--The same size and color as _A. incerta_, with
longer legs. The markings are the same in both species. The plainest
difference between the females is in the epigynum, the hard and dark
parts of which are larger and longer in _incerta_. Another slight
difference is in the shape of the sternum, which in _calcarata_ extends
farther between the hind legs (fig. 42). In _incerta_ it is more pointed
at the hinder end and shorter (fig. 38). The difference between the
length of the legs in the two species, which is slight in the females,
is greater in the males, the legs of _calcarata_ being the longer. The
palpi of the males differ considerably. In _incerta_ (fig. 37) the tibia
of the palpus has a large process on the outer side close to the tarsus
and extending along its edge a third of its length. In _calcarata_ (fig.
43) the corresponding process is small and does not lap over the tarsus.
The coxæ of the third and fourth legs of the male _calcarata_ have
little processes on the under side (fig. 42), one on the fourth and two
on the third. These do not occur in _incerta_. It lives on plants like
_saltabunda_ (p. 14).
[Illustration: FIGS. 44, 45. Anyphæna rubra.--44, female without the
legs, enlarged four times. 45, under side of abdomen, showing position
of air-tubes.]
$Anyphæna rubra.$--Larger than the other species, with the legs shorter.
The female is about a third of an inch long, with the abdomen longer and
narrower than in _incerta_ or _saltabunda_. The opening of the air-tubes
(fig. 45) is farther forward than usual, twice as far from the
spinnerets as from the epigynum. The legs are comparatively short, the
longest, the fourth, being about as long as the body. The maxillæ are a
little widened at the end. The sternum is widest at the second legs and
narrows to a point behind. The head is a little wider than usual, and
the whole appearance more like Clubiona than the other species. The
color is the usual pale yellow, a little brownish on the head and legs,
and with two longitudinal stripes on the cephalothorax. The abdomen is
nearly white, with two stripes made up of gray spots, and scattered
spots at the sides. The spots turn red in alcohol.
[Illustration: FIGS. 46, 47. Anyphæna saltabunda.--46, female enlarged
six times. 47, palpus of male.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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