The Common Spiders of the United StatesEmerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Science
The Common Spiders of the United States
Emerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Spiders -- United States
$Anyphæna saltabunda.$--A pale short spider, with long and slender legs
(fig. 46). The body is an eighth to a sixth of an inch long. The abdomen
is oval, two-thirds as wide as long, and nearly as high as it is wide.
The cephalothorax is three-fourths as wide as long, widest across the
dorsal groove and narrowing gradually to half as wide in front. The eyes
of the upper row are twice as large as those of the front row. The first
legs are longest in both sexes, measuring in the female over twice the
length of the body and in the males three times. The spines are very
long on the legs and palpi but only a little darker in color. The
general color is pale yellow or white, with two broken gray stripes on
the cephalothorax and two middle and several lateral rows of light gray
spots on the abdomen. The spinnerets are slender and two-jointed. The
opening of the air-tubes is halfway between the spinnerets and the
epigynum. The palpi of the male (fig. 47) are long and slender, and the
tibia is slightly curved and has a large thin process on the outer
side.
THE GENUS CLUBIONA
These spiders are all pale and most of them without markings. The eyes
are close to the front edge of the head and cover more than half its
width (figs. 50, 54, 56). The upper row is longer and the eyes larger
and the middle pair farthest apart. The distance between this pair
varies according to the species. In _crassipalpis_ and _canadensis_ it
is little more than that between the middle and lateral eyes, while in
_rubra_ it is nearly twice as great. The mandibles of the females are
swelled at the base in front, and this swelling is greatest in
_canadensis_ (fig. 55). The mandibles of the males are longer and are
shaped in a variety of ways according to the species. The shape of the
epigynum is indistinct and variable, and females of different species
are difficult to distinguish. The females of _ornata_ and _excepta_ are
known by their markings and those of _rubra_ by their size and
resemblance to the male. The females of _crassipalpis_ and _tibialis_
are doubtful. The palpal organs and male palpi are of great variety and
distinguish the males of all species without much difficulty.
[Illustration: FIG. 48. Female Clubiona crassipalpis, enlarged four
times.]
The Clubionas live in flat tubes of silk on leaves of low plants in
summer and under bark and stones at all seasons.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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