The Commune of London, and other studiesRound, John Horace
History
The Commune of London, and other studies
Round, John Horace
Great Britain -- History -- Norman period, 1066-1154; London (England) -- History -- To 1500
As yet I have been dealing with those ‘clan names’ in which the
presence of the _ing_ is genuine; and I have been urging that it
is not _proof_, as alleged, of settlement by a clan. I now pass
to those place-names in which the _ing_ is not genuine, but is
merely a corruption. That such names exist has always, of course,
been admitted,[38] but their prevalence has not been sufficiently
recognised. And not only are there large deductions, in consequence,
to be made from the so-called clan names, but even in cases where the
_ing_ is genuine the prefix is often so corrupt that the name of the
clan deduced from it is altogether wrong.
Let us take some instances in point. Kemble deduced the existence
of the Brightlings (‘Brightlingas’) from Brightling in Sussex and
Brightlingsea in Essex. Nothing, at first sight, could seem clearer.
And yet, on turning to Domesday, we find that the Sussex Brightling
is there entered as Brislinga--suggesting that Somerset Brislington
from which Kemble deduced the Brislings--while Brightlingsea appears
in the Essex Domesday as ‘Brictriceseia,’ and in that of Suffolk
as ‘Brictesceseia,’ from which forms is clearly derived the local
pronunciation ‘Bricklesea.’ So much for the Brightlings. Yet more
striking is the case of an Essex village, Wormingford. Kemble, of
course, detects in it the name ‘Wyrmingas.’ Yet its Domesday name is
Widemondefort,’ obviously derived from ‘Widemond,’ the name of an
individual.[39] Here the corruption is so startling that it is well
to record the transition form ‘Wiremundeford,’ which I find in the
13th century.[40] Now, as I have often to point out in the course of
my historical researches, however unpopular it may be to correct the
errors of others, those errors, if uncorrected, lead too often to
fresh ones. Thus, in this case, the ‘Wyrmingas,’ wrongly deduced from
Wormingford, have been claimed by scholars as sons of the ‘worm,’
and, therefore, as evidence that ‘Totemism’ prevailed among the
Anglo-Saxons. It would take me, I fear, too far afield to discuss the
alleged traces of Totemism; but when we find Mr. Grant Allen asserting
that “the oak has left traces of his descendants at Oakington in
Cambridge” (shire), one has to point out that this place figures in
Domesday as ‘Hochinton(e)’[41] in no fewer than five entries, although
Kemble derives from it _more suo_ the ‘Æcingas.’ But a few more
instances of erroneous derivation must be given in order to establish
clearly the worthlessness of Kemble’s lists. How simple it seems to
derive, with him, the ‘Storringas’ and ‘Teorringas’ from Storrington,
Sussex, and Tarrington, Herefordshire, respectively. Yet the former,
in Domesday, is ‘Storgetune’ or ‘Storchestune,’ while the latter is
‘Tatintune’ in both its entries. It might be suggested that the error
is that of the Domesday scribe, but in this case I have found the
place entered in several documents of the next century as Tadinton
or Tatinton, thus establishing the accuracy of Domesday.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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