The _Gangrene_ and _Sphacelus_ signifie the same thing, nevertheless are commonly distinguish'd; the former being a Mortification begun, and the _Sphacelus_ an entire or perfect Mortification; call'd also _Necrosis_ and _Sideratio_. An _Esthiomenus_ is a Disposition to Mortification, discover'd by the softness of the Part; and a Gangrene is defin'd to be a Mortification of a Part, occasion'd by the {112} Interception of the Spirits, and the Privation of the Natural Heat. _What are the causes of a Gangrene in general?_ Every thing that can hinder the Natural Heat from exerting it self in a Part; as strong Ligatures, astringent or resolvent Medicines, not conveniently us'd in great Inflammations; a violent Hæmorrhage; or Old Age, whereby the Spirits are exhausted; the bitings of Mad Dogs; excessive Cold, _&c._ _By what Signs is the Gangrene known?_ It is discover'd by the livid Colour of the Skin, which departs from the Flesh, the softness, coldness, and insensibility of the Part; and sometimes by its dryness and blackness, from whence exhales a cadaverous Stench, with _Sanies_ issuing forth after Punctures or Scarifications made therein. Lastly, a Gangrene is perceiv'd by the cold Sweats, Swoonings, _Syncope's_, and _Delirium's_ that invade the Patient, and which are all the Fore-runners of approaching Death. _Is a Gangrene only found in the Flesh, and soft Parts of the Body?_ It happens also in the Bones; and is then call'd _Caries_. _How is this _Caries_ or Gangrene of the Bone discover'd, when it lies hid under the Flesh?_ It is known by the black Colour of the Neighbouring Flesh, the Stink of the _Sanies_ that comes forth, the intolerable Pains felt thereabouts, which are fix'd and continual before the Impostume and Ulcer appear; but when the Ulcer is made, a kind of roughness may be perceiv'd in the Bone. {113} _REMEDIES._ _What are the Remedies proper for a Gangrene?_ They are those that take away the mortify'd and corrupt Parts, and recall the Natural Heat; both which Indications are exactly answer'd in the Extirpation of what is already corrupted, with the Incision-Knife; and the Restauration of the Natural Heat by the following Remedies. Take an Ounce of good Vinegar, steeping therein a Dram of White Vitriol, with as much _Sal Ammoniack_: Let it be us'd in bathing the Part; and apply thereto Bolsters well soak'd in the same Liquor. This Remedy is convenient in the first Disposition toward a Gangrene: Or, if you please, you may make use of the Yellow Water, which is made with Corrosive Sublimate and Lime-Water; taking, for Example, half a Dram of Corrosive Sublimate to be infus'd in a Pint of Lime-Water.