The complete works of John Gower, volume 1 : $b The French works — John Shaqi
The complete works of John Gower, volume 1 : $b The French worksGower, John
General
The complete works of John Gower, volume 1 : $b The French works
Gower, John
Poetry
7922, _lison_, _lion_, _giroun_, _enviroun_, _leçon_, _noun_, 16801
ff. (yet _lisoun_ is also found, 24526). On the whole, so far as the
rhymes of the _Mirour_ are concerned, the conclusion must be that the
uniformity is broken chiefly by the influence of those words which
have been noted as written always, or almost always, with _-on_. In
the _Balades_ and _Traitié_, however, the two terminations are more
equally balanced; for example in _Bal._ xxxv we find _convocacion_,
_compaignon_, _comparison_, _regioun_, _noun_, _supplicacion_,
_eleccion_, _condicioun_, &c., without any word of the class referred
to, and _Traitié_ xii has four rhymes in _-on_ against two in _-oun_.
On the whole I am disposed to think that it is merely a question of
spelling, and it must be remembered that in the MSS. _-oun_ is very
rarely written out in full, so that the difference between the two
forms is very slight even in appearance.
vii. The Central-French _u_ was apparently identified in sound with
_eu_, and in some cases not distinguished from _ui_. The evidence of
rhymes seems quite clear and consistent on this point. Such sequences
as the following occur repeatedly: _abatu_, _pourveu_, _deçu_, _lieu_,
_perdu_, _salu_, 315 ff.; _truis_, _perduz_, _Hebrus_, _us_, _jus_,
_conclus_, 1657 ff.; _hebreu_, _feru_, _eeu_, _tenu_, _neveu_, _rendu_,
4933 ff.; _plus_, _lieus_, _perdus_, _conçuz_, _huiss_, _truis_, 6723
ff.; _fu_, _lu_ (for _lieu_), _offendu_, _dieu_, in _Bal._ xviii;
and with the ending _-ure_, _-eure_: _demeure_, _l’eure_, _nature_,
_verdure_, _desseure_, _mesure_, 937 ff.; _painture_, _demesure_,
_aventure_, _jure_, _hure_, _controveure_, 1947 ff., &c. This being so,
we cannot be surprised at such forms as _hebru_ for _hebreu_, _lu_ for
_lieu_, _fu_ for _feu_, _hure_, _demure_, _plure_, for the Continental
French _heure_, _demeure_, _pleure_, or at the substitutions of _u_
for _ui_, or _ui_ for _u_ (_eu_), in _aparçut aparçuit_, _huiss huss_,
_plus pluis_, _pertuis pertus_, _puiss pus_, _construire construre_,
_destruire destrure_, _estruis estrus_, _truis trieus_. As regards
the latter changes we may compare the various spellings of _fruit_,
_bruit_, _suit_, _eschuie_, _suie_[G], in Middle English. It should
be mentioned however that _luy_ rhymes regularly with _-i_ (_-y_), as
_chery_, _servi_, _dy_. In some cases also _ui_ interchanges with _oi_,
as in _buiste_ beside _boiste_, _enpuisonner_ beside _poisoun_. This
is often found in early Anglo-Norman and is exemplified in M.E. _buyle
boyle_, _fuysoun foysoun_, _destroye destruien_. On this change and on
that between _ui_ and _u_ in Anglo-Norman see Koschwitz on the _Voyage
de Charlemagne_, pp. 39, 40.
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