A certain number of words will be found, in addition to those already cited in the remarks on Phonology, § v, which appear in the French of our texts precisely as they stand in modern English, e.g. _able_, _annoy_, _archer_, _carpenter_, _claret_, _courser_, _dean_, _draper_, _ease_, _fee_, _haste_, _host_, _mace_, _mess_, _noise_, _soldier_, _suet_, _treacle_, _truant_, &c., not to mention ‘mots savants’ such as _abject_, _absent_, _official_, _parable_, and so on. The doubling of consonants in accordance with Latin spelling in _accepter_, _accord_, _accuser_, _commander_, _commun_, &c., is already common in these texts and belongs to an earlier stage of Middle English than is usually supposed. _ambicioun_: note the etymological meaning of this word in the _Mirour_. _appetiter_: Chaucer’s verb should be referred directly to this French verb, and not to the English subst. _appetit_. _assalt_: usually _assaut_ in 14th cent. French and English. _audit_: the English word is probably from this French form, and not directly from Latin: the same remark applies to several other words, as _complet_, _concluder_, _curet_, _destitut_, _elat_, &c. _avouer_: in the sense of ‘promise.’ _begant_, _beggerie_, _beguyner_, _beguinage_: see _New Eng. Dict._ under ‘beg.’ The use of _beguinage_ here as equivalent to _beggerie_ is confirmatory of the Romance etymology suggested for the word: _begant_ seems to presuppose a verb _beg(u)er_, a shorter form of _beguiner_; cp. _beguard_. _braier_, M.E. _brayen_, ‘to bray in a mortar.’ The continental form was _breier_, Mod. _broyer_. _brusch_: the occurrence of this word in a sense which seems to identify it with _brusque_ should be noted. The modern _brusque_ is commonly said to have been introduced into French from Italy in the 16th century. Caxton however in 1481 has _brussly_, apparently equivalent to ‘brusquely’; see _New Eng. Dict._ _buillon_, in the sense of ‘mint,’ or ‘melting-house,’ is evidently the same as ‘bullion’ in the Anglo-Norman statutes of Edward III (see _New Eng. Dict._). The form which we have here points very clearly to its derivation from the verb _builer_, ‘boil,’ as against the supposed connexion with ‘bulla.’ _chitoun_, ‘kitten.’ This is used also in Bozon’s _Contes Moralizés_. It seems more likely that the M.E. _kitoun_ comes from this form of _chatton_ with hardening of _ch_ to _k_ by the influence of _cat_, than that it is an English ‘kit’ with a French suffix. _Civile_, i.e. ‘civil law’: cp. the use of the word as a name in _Piers Plowman_. _eneauer_, ‘to wet,’ supplies perhaps an etymology for the word _enewing_ or _ennuyng_ used by Lydgate and others as a term of painting, to indicate the laying on or gradation of tints in water-colour, and illustrates the later Anglo-French words _enewer_, _enewage_, used apparently of shrinking cloth by wetting; see Godefroy (who however leaves them unexplained).