The complete works of John Gower, volume 1 : $b The French worksGower, John
General
The complete works of John Gower, volume 1 : $b The French works
Gower, John
Poetry
_flaket_, the same as the M.E. _flakett_, _flacket_ (French
_flaschet_). The form _flaquet_ is assumed as a Northern French word by
the _New Eng. Dict._, but not cited as occurring.
_leisour_, as a variation of _loisir_, _leisir_.
_lusard_: cp. _Piers Plowman_, B. xviii. 335.
_menal_, _meynal_, adj. in the sense of ‘subject.’
_nice_: note the development of sense from ‘foolish,’ _Mir._ 1331,
7673, to ‘foolishly scrupulous,’ 24858, and thence to ‘delicate,’
‘pleasant,’ 264, 979.
_papir_, the same form that we find in the English of Chaucer and Gower.
_parlesie_, M.E. _parlesie_, _palesie_.
_perjurie_, a variation of _perjure_, which established itself in
English.
_phesant_: early M.E. _fesaun_, Chaucer _fesaunt_.
_philosophre_, as in M.E., beside _philosophe_.
_queinte_, _a(c)queintance_: the forms which correspond to those used
in English; less usually _quointe_, _aquointance_.
_reverie_, ‘revelry,’ which suggests the connexion of the English word
with _rêver_, rather than with _reveler_ from ‘rebellare.’ However,
_revel_ and _reveller_ occur also in our texts.
_reviler_. Skeat, _Etym. Dict._, says ‘there is no word _reviler_ or
_viler_ in French.’ Both are used in the _Mirour_.
_rewarder_, _rewardie_, _rewardise_, in the sense of the English
‘reward.’
_sercher_, Eng. ‘search,’ the more usual form for _cercher_.
_somonce_: this is the form required to account for the M.E. _somouns_,
‘summons.’
_traicier_, _traiçour_, names given (in England) to those who made it
their business to pack juries.
_trote_, used for ‘old woman’ in an uncomplimentary sense.
_université_, ‘community.’
_voiage_ (not _viage_): this form is therefore of the 14th century.
MIROUR DE L’OMME.
AUTHORSHIP.--The evidence of authorship rests on two distinct
grounds: first, its correspondence in title and contents with the
description given by Gower of his principal French work; and secondly,
its remarkable resemblance in style and substance to the poet’s
acknowledged works.
We return therefore to the statement before referred to about the
three principal books claimed by our author: and first an explanation
should be made on the subject of the title. The statement in question
underwent progressive revision at the hands of the author and appears
in three forms, the succession of which is marked by the fact that
they are connected with three successive editions of the _Confessio
Amantis_. In the two first of these three forms the title of the French
work is _Speculum Hominis_, in the third it is _Speculum Meditantis_,
the alteration having been made apparently in order to produce
similarity of termination with the titles of the two other books[H].
We are justified therefore in assuming that the original title was
_Speculum Hominis_, or its French equivalent, _Mirour de l’omme_. The
author’s account, then, of his French work is as follows:
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