The complete works of John Gower, volume 1 : $b The French worksGower, John
General
The complete works of John Gower, volume 1 : $b The French works
Gower, John
Poetry
If we take next the anecdotes and emblems of Natural History, we shall
find them nearly all again in either the Latin or the English work.
To illustrate the vice of Detraction we have the ‘escarbud,’ the
‘scharnebud,’ of the _Confessio Amantis_, which takes no delight in the
flowery fields or in the May sunshine, but only seeks out vile ordure
and filth (2894, _Conf. Am._ ii. 413). Envy is compared to the nettle
which grows about the roses and destroys them by its burning (3721,
_Conf. Am._ ii. 401). Homicide is made more odious by the story of the
bird with a man’s features, which repents so bitterly of slaying the
creature that resembles it (5029, _Conf. Am._ iii. 2599); and we may
note also that in both books this authentic anecdote is ascribed to
Solinus, who after all is not the real authority for it. Idleness is
like the cat that would eat fish without wetting her paws (5395, _Conf.
Am._ iv. 1108). The covetous man is like the pike that swallows down
the little fishes (6253, _Conf. Am._ v. 2015). Prudence is the serpent
which refuses to hear the voice of the charmer, and while he presses
one ear to the ground, stops the other with his tail (15253, _Conf.
Am._ i. 463). And so on.
Then again there are a good many quotations common to the _Mirour_
and one or both of the other books, adduced in the same connexion
and sometimes grouped together in the same order. The passage from
Gregory’s Homilies about man as a microcosm, partaking of the nature of
every creature in the universe, which we find in the Prologue of the
_Confessio_ and also in the _Vox Clamantis_, appears at l. 26869 of the
_Mirour_; that about Peter presenting Judea in the Day of Judgement,
Andrew Achaia, and so on, while our bishops come empty-handed, is also
given in all three (_Mir._ 20065, _Vox. Cl._ iii. 903, _Conf. Am._ v.
1900). To illustrate the virtue of Pity the same quotations occur both
in the _Mirour_ and the _Confessio Amantis_, from the Epistle of St.
James, from Constantine, and from Cassiodorus (_Mir._ 13929, 23055
ff., _Conf Am._ vii. 3149*, 3161*, 3137). Three quotations referred
to ‘Orace’ occur in the _Mirour_, and of these three two reappear
in the _Confessio_ with the same author’s name (_Mir._ 3801, 10948,
23370, _Conf. Am._ vi. 1513, vii. 3581). Now of these two, one, as it
happens, is from Ovid and the other from Juvenal; so that not only the
quotations but also the false references are repeated. These are not by
any means all the examples of common quotations, but they will perhaps
suffice.
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