The complete works of John Gower, volume 2 : $b The English worksGower, John
General
The complete works of John Gower, volume 2 : $b The English works
Gower, John
Poetry
Among Romance adjectives the want of inflexion is more frequent in
proportion to the whole number of instances, e.g. ‘the _vein_ honour,’
Prol. 221, ‘the _fals_ emperour,’ Prol. 739, ‘Hire _clos_ Envie,’ ii.
684, &c.
In the case of adjectives of more than one syllable, whether English or
French, the definite form is exceptional. The commonest case is that of
superlatives, in which the definite form _-este_ is regularly used when
the accent falls on the termination, whether in rhyme or otherwise,
as _faireste_, i. 767, v. 7427, _slyheste_, i. 1442, _wiseste_:
_myhtieste_, i. 1097 f., _wofulleste_, vii. 5017. Even when the accent
is thrown back, the definite inflexion is more usually given than not,
as _faireste_, i. 1804, _hoteste_, i. 2492, _treweste_, ii. 1282,
_povereste_, iv. 2238, _heyeste_, vii. 935, but sometimes dropped, as
‘the _purest_ Eir,’ Prol. 921, ‘the _ȝongest_ of hem,’ i. 3133, ‘the
_lowest_ of hem alle,’ vii. 224: in all cases, however, where the
accent is thrown back, the adjective is followed by a word beginning
with a vowel, so that the metre is not affected.
Other adjectives of which the termination is capable of accent
may take the definite inflexion, when the accent is thrown on the
termination, as ‘the _covoitouse_ flaterie,’ ‘this _lecherouse_
pride,’ this _tyrannysshe_ knyht,’ but on the other hand ‘his fals
_pitous_ lokynge,’ ‘the _pietous_ Justinian,’ ‘the proude _tyrannyssh_
Romein,’ and cases where the adjective is used as a substantive,
‘the _coveitous_’, ‘This _Envious_,’ ‘_thaverous_,’ &c. We have ‘the
_parfite_ medicine,’ iv. 2624 (but ‘the parfit Elixir,’ iv. 2522, with
accent thrown back), and ‘O thou _gentile_ Venus,’ viii. 2294; but
perhaps _parfite_, _gentile_ are to be regarded as feminine forms, as
almost certainly _devolte_, i. 636.
Where the final syllable of the adjective is incapable of accent, there
is ordinarily no question of a definite inflexion, except where there
is syncope after _v_ (_u_), as in _evele_. Such words are _croked_,
_wicked_, _cruel_, _litel_, _middel_, _biter_, _dedly_, _lusti_,
_sinful(l)_, _wilful_, _woful(l)_, _wrongful_, and we may note
that comparatives in _-ere_ and adjectives in _-liche_ (with accent
thrown back) sometimes appear in the truncated form of spelling even
where a definite termination is suggested by their position, e.g.
‘hire _ȝonger_ Soster,’ v. 5395, ‘hir _goodlych_ yhe,’ ii. 2026, ‘Ha,
thou _ungoodlich_ ypocrite,’ v. 6293, ‘hire _dedlich_ yhe,’ vii.
5089 (_-lich_ in these latter cases to avoid the hiatus of ‘ungoodly
ypocrite,’ &c.). As an exceptional instance the form _nakede_ should be
observed, ‘his _nakede_ arm,’ iv. 421, given so both by F and S.
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