The Condition and Tendencies of Technical Education in GermanyChamberlain, Arthur Henry
History
The Condition and Tendencies of Technical Education in Germany
Chamberlain, Arthur Henry
Technical education -- Germany
As regards the compulsory age limit, Prussia of all the German states is
following out the option given the individual States. It is worthy of
note that she declares (while declining to accept the law) that where
freedom is allowed, boys are more likely to continue in school after
their eighteenth year. It is insisted also that with the restrictions
removed, a deeper interest is excited in the school studies. The
statement is made however that in Prussia two thirds of the industrial
continuation schools have compulsory attendance laws in force as the
local authorities may determine. Certain it is that much stress is laid
upon the ethical side of instruction in the continuation schools and it
is agreed that the compulsory school should not transplant the regular
continuation school, except where it seems absolutely necessary to do
so. In Bavaria for example, where the age limit by law is thirteen, the
compulsory school has a place for the time being at least.
In Berlin, a century ago, Sunday afternoon classes were inaugurated,
with a programme no more varied than that furnished by the three R’s.
Apprentices not equipped with sufficient school training were forced to
attend the schools. In 1869 the power was wrested from the trade guilds
and the elective system resulted, later producing the Elementary
Continuation School. The local city government founded at a later date
three such schools, and in these a more diversified curriculum was
operated, adding to the three R’s, German composition and literature,
modern languages, natural science, political science, law, bookkeeping
and drawing. For various reasons these schools were not attended by a
full measure of success and the city authorities formulated the plan of
placing the continuation schools in some of the higher institutions of
learning, courses to be operative in winter only. Later, from the
preparatory school, which fitted for the continuation school proper,
grew up the technical continuation school.
There are at the present twelve schools of the continuation type in
Berlin. A large attendance is desired, for with large classes groups of
various intellectual standards may be formed. The student is free to
elect subjects--as between certain languages, mathematics or art
studies. The Director of the school, by keeping in touch with the
employers in the various trades and shops, can thus control the
attendance and shape the course of the lines of work offered.
Some ten years since, two special lines of instruction were withdrawn
from the continuation school proper--the carpenters’ school and the
Gewerbesaal, comprising work in drawing and theory involved in machine
construction and the like. Courses for turners are offered in the
carpenters’ schools. In Berlin there are in excess of nine centers for
the last named school and ten centers for the Gewerbesaal, the winter
classes running up to 2000 and 850 pupils respectively.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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