The Conflict of Religions in the Early Roman EmpireGlover, T. R. (Terrot Reaveley)
Religion
The Conflict of Religions in the Early Roman Empire
Glover, T. R. (Terrot Reaveley)
Christianity and other religions; Church history -- Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600; Rome -- Religion
But if a disembodied soul can foresee the future, why should not a soul
in a body also be able? In point of fact, the soul has this power, but
it is dulled by the body. Memory is a parallel gift. Some souls only
shake off the influence of the body in dreams, some at the approach of
death.[96] The mantic element is receptive of impressions and of
anticipations by means of feelings, and without reasoning process
(_asyllogistos_) it touches the future when it can get clear of the
present. The state, in which this occurs, is called "enthusiasm,"
god-possession--and into this the body will sometimes fall of itself,
and sometimes it is cast into it by some vapour or exhalation sent up
by the earth. This vapour or whatever it is (_to mantikon theuma kai
pneuma_) pervades the body, and produces {102} in the soul a
disposition, or combination (_krasin_), unfamiliar and strange, hard to
describe, but from what is said it may be divined. "Probably by heat
and diffusion it opens pores [or channels] whereby impressions of the
future may be received."[97] Such a vapour was found to issue from the
ground at Delphi--the accidental discovery of a shepherd, Coretas by
name, who spoke "words with God in them" (_phonas enthousiodeis_) under
its influence; and it was not till his words proved true that attention
was paid to the place and the vapour. There is the same sort of
relation between the soul and the mantic vapour as between the eye and
light.
But does not this vapour theory do away with the other theory that
divination is mediated to us by the gods through the daemons? Plutarch
cites Plato's objection to Anaxagoras who was "entangled in natural
causes" and lost sight of better causes and principles beyond them.
There are double causes for everything. The ancients said that all
things come from Zeus; those who came later, natural philosophers
(_physidoi_), on the contrary "wandered away from the fair and divine
principle," and made everything depend on bodies, impacts, changes and
combinations (_krasis_); and both miss something of the truth. "We do
not make Mantic either godless or void of reason, when we give it the
soul of man as its material, and the enthusiastic spirit and exhalation
as its tool or plectron. For, first, the earth that produces these
exhalations--and the sun, who gives the earth the power of combination
(_krasis_) and change, is by the tradition of our fathers a god; and
then we leave daemons installed as lords and warders and guards of this
combination (_kraseos_), now loosening and now tightening (as if it
were a harmony), taking away excessive ecstasy and confusion, and
gently and painlessly blending the motive power for those who use it.
So we shall not seem guilty of anything unreasonable or impossible."[98]
{103}
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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