The Conflict of Religions in the Early Roman EmpireGlover, T. R. (Terrot Reaveley)
Religion
The Conflict of Religions in the Early Roman Empire
Glover, T. R. (Terrot Reaveley)
Christianity and other religions; Church history -- Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600; Rome -- Religion
Plutarch gives an interesting account of a potion, which will produce
the same sort of effect. The Egyptians compound it in a very mystical
way of sixteen drugs, nearly all of which are fragrant, while the very
number sixteen as the square of a square has remarkable properties or
suggestions. The mixture is called Kyphi, and when inhaled it calms
the mind and reduces anxiety, and "that part of us which receives
impressions (_phantastikon_) and is susceptive of dreams, it rubs down
and cleans as if it were a mirror."[99]
The gods, he says, are our first and chiefest friends.[100] Not every
one indeed so thinks--"for see what Jews and Syrians think of the
gods!"[101] But Plutarch insists that there is no joy in life apart
from them. Epicureans may try to deliver us from the wrath of the
gods, but they do away with their kindness at the same moment; and
Plutarch holds it better that there should even be some morbid element
(_phathos_) of reverence and fear in our belief than that, in our
desire to avoid this, we should leave ourselves neither hope, nor
kindness, nor courage in prosperity, nor any recourse to the divine
when we are in trouble.[102] Superstition is a rheum that gathers in
the eye of faith, which we do well to remove, but not at the cost of
knocking the eye out or blinding it.[103] In any case, its
inconvenience is outweighed "ten thousand times" by the glad and joyous
hopefulness that counts all blessing as coming from the gods. And he
cites in proof of this that joy in temple-service, to which reference
has already been made. Those who abolish Providence need no further
punishment than to live without it.[104]
{104}
But the pleasures of faith are not only those of imagination or
emotion. For while the gods give us all blessings, there is none
better for man to receive or more awful for God to bestow than truth.
Other things God gives to men, mind and thought he shares with them,
for these are his attributes, and "I think that of God's own eternal
life the happiness lies in his knowledge being equal to all that comes;
for without knowledge and thought, immortality would be time and not
life."[105] The very name of Isis is etymologically connected with
knowing (_eidenai_); and the goal of her sacred rites is "knowledge of
the first and sovereign and intelligible, whom the goddess bids us seek
and find in her."[106] Her philosophy is "hidden for the most part in
myths, and in true tales (_logois_) that give dim visions and
revelations of truth."[107] Her temple at Sais bears the inscription:
"I am all that has been and is and shall be, and my veil no mortal yet
has lifted."[108] She is the goddess of "Ten Thousand Names."[109]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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