In short, Jainism, like Buddhism, is gradually drifting into the current of Hind[=u]ism which everywhere surrounds it, and, like every other offshoot from that system, is destined in the end to be reabsorbed into its source. I must reserve the subject of the Indo-Zoroastrian creed, and modern P[=a]rs[=i] religious usages, for treatment in my next paper. MONIER WILLIAMS. [Footnote 1: If an orthodox Br[=a]hman is asked to describe his religion, he calls it [=A]rya-dharma, that is, the system of doctrines and duties held and practised by the [=A]ryas. He never thinks of calling it by the name of any special founder or leader. Be it noted, however, that Dharma implies more than a mere religious creed. It is a far more comprehensive term than our word "religion."] [Footnote 2: In many images of the Buddha he is represented with the sacred thread over the left shoulder and under the right arm, according to orthodox Br[=a]hmanical usage.] [Footnote 3: Since the Buddha became absolutely extinct, and since his system recognised no Supreme Soul of the Universe, there remained nothing for his followers to venerate except his memory. The mass of his converts, however, did not long rest satisfied with enshrining him in their minds. First they made pilgrimages to the Bodhi-tree, or "Tree of Knowledge," at Gay[=a], under which their great teacher obtained supreme wisdom. There they erected tumuli, or graves (variously called dagobas, chaityas, and st[=u]pas), over his relics, and worshipped, these. Then adoration was paid to his foot-prints, and to the wheel or symbol of the Buddhist law. Finally, images of his person in different attitudes (to be described subsequently) were multiplied everywhere. Temples, at first, were unknown. There were rooms, or places of meeting, for Buddhist congregations to hear preaching; but it was not till a later period that these were used to enshrine images and relics. A vast period of development separates the original Sangha-griha from such a temple as that erected over the eye-tooth of Buddha, at Kandy, in Ceylon, which is a costly edifice, containing images and a library, as well as the far-famed relic shrine behind thick iron bars.] [Footnote 3: The expression, Jainism, corresponds to Vaishnavism and S´aivism just as the term Jaina does to Vaishnava or S´aiva. Of course consistency would require the substitution of Bauddhism and Bauddha for Buddhism and Buddhist, but I fear the latter expressions are too firmly established to admit of alteration.] [Footnote 4: There is one place in India where the growth of Vaishnavism out of Buddhism, and their near relationship, are conspicuously demonstrated. I mean Buddha-gay[=a], with the neighbouring Vishnu temple of the city of Gay[=a].]