The Cost of Living Among Wage-Earners: Fall River, Massachusetts, October, 1919, Research Report Number 22, November, 1919National Industrial Conference Board
History
The Cost of Living Among Wage-Earners: Fall River, Massachusetts, October, 1919, Research Report Number 22, November, 1919
National Industrial Conference Board
Cost and standard of living -- Massachusetts -- Fall River
_Fuel, heat and light._ The average wage-earning family in Fall River
burns about three tons of coal per season. This provides fuel for a
kitchen range and usually for one other stove. Prices of coal quoted
by three dealers were as follows: Chestnut, $13.75, $13.75, $13.00;
stove, $14.00, $14.00, $12.75.
This means an average annual expenditure of approximately $40.63 for
the grade of coal generally bought.
Many families, however, buy their coal in small lots from the
neighborhood stores, which would make the total annual cost of fuel
somewhat higher, provided the same amount were purchased. For this
reason, and to allow for a minimum amount of kindling wood, it has
been estimated that at least $45 per year would be required for fuel
at the prices prevailing in October, 1919.[2]
[2] Some of the mills were reported to be selling coal to their
employees in small quantities at low prices.
Gas is commonly used for lighting. The local gas company reported that
there were 27,236 meters in use in the city, or one meter to every 4.5
persons. A gas stove is in practically every wage-earner's home. The
present price of gas is $1.05 net per thousand cubic feet. The average
monthly gas bill for wage-earners is said by the company to be about
$1.90 net. Electricity is burned for lighting purposes in many of the
newer tenements even when the rent is low, and the average bill for
wage-earners for electricity is about $1 per month. In recognition of
the fact that some families burn gas for cooking only and have an
additional expenditure for electric light, the yearly cost of gas and
electricity together is estimated at $25.20 in 1919.
The average annual cost of fuel, heat and light combined in Fall River
at prices prevailing in October, 1919, may therefore be placed at
$70.20, or $1.35 per week. For families having larger homes the cost
of these items would be somewhat greater. To allow for this, the
expenditure for fuel, heat and light has been increased somewhat in
the more liberal budget, making the annual cost of this item $84.25,
or $1.62 per week.
_Sundries._ From information received from the local street railway
company, it appears that not over 25% of the mill operatives use the
street cars in going to and from work. The single fare is ten cents,
but a commutation ticket plan was put into operation in September,
1919, by which 50 rides could be obtained for $3 provided the ticket
was used within a month. It has been found, however, that many of the
more poorly paid wage-earners are not able to spend $3 at one time for
car tickets and the street car company reported that, in practice, the
tickets were sold mainly to those earning above $25 a week. Some of
the mills have now arranged to sell the $3 tickets to their employees
on the instalment plan.
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