The Criticism of the Fourth Gospel: Eight Lectures on the Morse Foundation, Delivered in the Union Seminary, New York in October and November 1904Sanday, W. (William)
Religion
The Criticism of the Fourth Gospel: Eight Lectures on the Morse Foundation, Delivered in the Union Seminary, New York in October and November 1904
Sanday, W. (William)
Bible. John -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.
We must therefore be content if we can verify a few particulars. We must
not from the outset expect to be able to do more. And we must be still
more content if these particulars show by their character that they are
fragments from a much larger wreckage, that they are what we might call
chance survivals of what had once existed on a much larger scale.
We concluded our sketch of the Christology of the Fourth Gospel by
speaking of the data which it contained for the doctrine of the Trinity.
These however are only data. It is perhaps a little surprising that the
only approach to a formulation of the doctrine of the Trinity occurs not
in St. John but at the end of the Gospel of St. Matthew (xxviii. 19). I
am of course well aware that this part of the First Gospel is vigorously
questioned by the critics. I am prepared to believe myself that the
passage is a late incorporation in the Gospel; and antecedently I should
not say that we had strong guarantees for its literal accuracy. But
then—this is an old story, so far as I am concerned, and I must
apologize for introducing it, but I cannot leave the point unnoticed—how
are we to explain that other remarkable verse that occurs at the end of
the second Epistle to the Corinthians (2 Cor. xiii. 14)? This familiar
three-fold benediction must have had antecedents; it must, I should say,
have had a long train of antecedents. The most adequate explanation of
it seems to me to be that the train of antecedents started from
something corresponding, something said at some time or other, in the
teaching of our Lord[67]. I fully believe that the hints and intimations
of a Trinity that we find scattered about the New Testament have their
origin ultimately in the teaching of Christ. Apart from this, how could
the conception have been reached at so early a date? For 2 Corinthians
must in any case fall between 53-57 A.D.[68]
Let us work our way backwards through another of the hints. We have seen
that the coming of the Paraclete is described in the Fourth Gospel as a
return of Christ to His own. Are there any parallels for this in the
Synoptic Gospels? Not exactly, because the two things are not brought
into combination. But we have on the one hand distinct predictions of
the activity of the Holy Spirit after the departure of Christ. For
instance:
‘When they deliver you up, be not anxious how or what ye shall
speak.... For it is not ye that speak, but the Spirit of your Father
that speaketh in you’ (Matt. x. 19, 20).
And in St. Luke’s version of the promise as to answers to prayer, the
Holy Spirit is spoken of as imparted to the believer:
‘If ye then, being evil, know how to give good gifts unto your
children, how much more shall your heavenly Father give the Holy
Spirit to them that ask him?’ (Luke xi. 13).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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