The Criticism of the Fourth Gospel: Eight Lectures on the Morse Foundation, Delivered in the Union Seminary, New York in October and November 1904Sanday, W. (William)
Religion
The Criticism of the Fourth Gospel: Eight Lectures on the Morse Foundation, Delivered in the Union Seminary, New York in October and November 1904
Sanday, W. (William)
Bible. John -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.
After referring also to xxi. 20, Dr. Lightfoot adds:—
‘This is among the most striking of those vivid descriptive traits
which distinguish the narrative of the Fourth Gospel generally, and
which are especially remarkable in these last scenes of Jesus’ life,
where the beloved disciple was himself an eye-witness and an
actor[38].’
It has been objected that too high a place is given to the ‘beloved
disciple,’ and that the stress laid on this is a mark of egotism. But
Bishop Westcott has shown (_ad loc._) that this criticism rests on a
mistaken view of the order of precedence. The place of honour was in the
centre, and the guests reclined on the left side. Peter occupies the
second place behind his Master. The beloved disciple has the third
place, where his head would naturally be in his Master’s bosom. When we
realize this all the details of the narrative become plain.
What we have said of the Last Supper applies also to the last discourses
which followed upon it. There too we have the same distinct recollection
of persons, of the questions put by each, and the replies which they
received. Thomas and Philip stand out in the dialogue of xiv. 4-9. But
what is perhaps still more noticeable is the careful specification of
Judas (not Iscariot), a disciple otherwise obscure and of little
prominence, in ver. 22. If this is art, it is art that is wonderfully
like nature. We notice also the disciples’ comments, evidently spoken in
an undertone, in xvi. 17.
What could be more easy or more natural than the description of
Gethsemane in xviii, 1, 2, and the explanation that it was a familiar
haunt of Jesus and His disciples? This is just such a reminiscence as we
might expect from one who had been himself a disciple.
There is an ‘undesigned coincidence’ in the fact that the unnamed
disciple is described as being ‘known to the high priest,’ and that the
Gospel, of which he may be presumed to be the writer, alone gives the
name of the high priest’s servant, whose ear Peter cut off, as Malchus,
and alone knows that one of the servants who questioned Peter was his
kinsman (xviii. 10, 15, 26). It was apparently because the unnamed
disciple was a privileged person, that he was not called upon to give an
account of himself as Peter was.
We need not go the whole length of the way with Delff, and may yet feel
sure that it is not an accident that this same disciple, who is so much
at home in the high priest’s house, should also have special knowledge
of persons like Joseph of Arimathaea and Nicodemus, both members of the
Sanhedrin.
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