The Cross in Ritual, Architecture and ArtTyack, Geo. S. (George Smith)
History
The Cross in Ritual, Architecture and Art
Tyack, Geo. S. (George Smith)
Crosses
It is further interesting to note that the sign was frequently regarded as
an emblem of deity, or as a symbol of favourable import. To the Egyptians
it spoke of a future life; to the Aryans of fire, itself emblematic of
life; the Mongolians lay it, drawn on paper, on the breasts of their dead;
and the Buddhists of Thibet see in it a mark of the foot-print of Buddha.
In all this the Christians of the first age would have rejoiced, claiming
it as a world-wide prophecy of the Cross of the Redeemer, just as they
drew a similar lesson from the frequency with which the cross forms, more
or less roughly, the shape of the ordinary implements of man's handicraft.
"Consider all things in the world," writes Justin Martyr, in his apology
addressed to the Emperor Antoninus Pius, "whether without this form they
could be administered or could have any community. For the sea is not
crossed except that trophy which is called a sail remain safe aboard the
ship; nor is the earth ploughed without it; diggers and mechanics do not
their work except with tools of this shape. And the human form differs
from that of brute beasts in nothing but in being erect, and having the
arms extended. The power of this figure is even shown by your own symbols,
on what are named 'vexilla' and trophies, with which all your processions
are made, using these, even though unwittingly, as signs of your authority
and dominion."
Although we should be unwilling to-day to accept as argument all that a
pious, yet simple, fancy, or the warmth of a fervid rhetoric, suggested to
men of former times; it would, nevertheless, be equally, or more absurd
for us to follow others, who have endeavoured to trace the mere survival
of heathen custom in the Christian use of the Cross. That such is not the
case is clear, in spite of a few parallels in teaching as curious as those
above referred to, from the fact that the Cross amongst us symbolizes the
Faith, not as an arbitrary or mystic sign, but as the natural expression
of an historical fact.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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