We wound up our first part with a draft on parochial records; and we enter on our second part with a further taxation of the same fruitful and unimpeachable source. Those familiar with the life of our ancient universities only in its more modern and luxurious aspects may prepare for revelations of the most startling character, for Oxford and Cambridge were nurtured not only in poverty, but in authorized mendicancy and--a learned phrase may be excused--regulated hypothecation. That clerks in those early days were not ashamed to beg is susceptible of various sorts of proof, one of which consists in the help so frequently afforded them by generous churchwardens. Let us glance at some sixteenth-century books of accounts: ASHBURTON, DEVON 1568. "In gyft to too scolers of Oxenford iiij^s iiij^d" 1575. "To a skoler of Oxeford vj^d" 1578. "To a skoler of Oxford iij^s iiij^d" TAVISTOCK 1573. "Geven to a skoler of Oxford xij^d" WOODBURY, DEVON 1581. "P^d to tow skolowers of Oxford vij^d" 1588. "P^d to a Scholar that came fro Oxford named Edward Carrow viij^d" 1589. "P^d to Richard Crokhey a scholar vj^d" (According to the "Alumni Oxon." Edward Carrow was elected Student of Christ Church, 1575, from Westminster School; and Richard Crocker, B.A., from Exeter College, 1594.) PLYMOUTH 1583. "P^d to two schollers the xj of June iij^s iiij^d" "Geven to a scholler to bringe hym to Oxenford vj^s viiij^d" BARNSTAPLE 1583. "Paid as a gift to a scholar at Oxford 1^s" 1603. "Given to a poore scholler by the consent of Mr. Moore, vicar 0 0 6" It is worthy of note that the amounts bestowed on this deserving class were in excess of the sums meted out to ordinary "travellers." It is also a fact that, while mention is often made of Oxford scholars, the reverse is the case with Cambridge men. On referring to Willis and Clark's "History of the University of Cambridge" we find that although notices occur of scholars in menial employment there is no indication that begging licences were granted them. Still, the following entries prove that occasionally incipient Cambridge men received public assistance. SHEFFIELD 1573. "Gave to William Lee, a pore Scholler of Sheffield, towards the settynge him to the universitye of Cambridge and buyinge him bookes and other furnyture vij^s iiij^d" CAWTHORNE, YORKSHIRE 1663. "Collected in y^e parish church of Cawthorne, for Thomas Carr, a poor scholler, who was going to Cambridge, and borne in y^e parish of Ecckesfield, the sum of 6s. 6d."