After having discussed the question whether the fourth Véda be more modern than the other three, the celebrated Indianist concludes (p. 372): “That the three first-mentioned Védas are the three principal portions of the Véda; that the _At´harvańa_ is commonly admitted as a fourth; and that divers mythological poems, entitled _Itihása_ and _Puránás_, are reckoned a supplement to the scripture, and, as such, constitute a fifth Véda.” He says further (_ibid._, p. 378): “Each Véda consists of two parts, denominated the _Mantras_ and the _Bráhmańas_, or ‘prayers’ and ‘precepts.’ The complete collection of the hymns, prayers, and invocations belonging to one Véda is entitled its _Sanhita_. Every other portion of Indian scripture is included under the general head of divinity (_Bráhmańa_). This comprises precepts which inculcate religious duties; maxims, which explain those precepts; and arguments, which relate to theology.――The theology of the Indian scripture, comprehending the argumentative portion entitled _Védanta_, is contained in tracts denominated _Upanishads_.”――A. T. The Hindus have, besides, _Upavédas_. _Upa_ is a preposition importing resemblance in an inferior degree; and _Véda_, from _Vida_, “knowledge.” The four Upavedas comprise the _Ayu_, on the science of medicine, drawn from the Rig Veda; the _Gandharva_, on music, from the Sama-Véda; the _Dhanu_, on military tactics, from the Yajush; and the _Silpa_, on mechanics, from the Atharvańa. Hindu learning has six divisions, called _Angas_, that is, “parts,” or “members.” The six Angas are: _Sikshya_, on pronunciation; _Kalpa_, on ceremonies; _Vyákarana_, on grammar; _Chanda_, on prosody and verse; _Jyotisha_, on astronomy; and _Nirukta_, an explanation of difficult words, etc., in the Véda. These divisions, as dependant upon the Védas, are also called _Védangas_. The Hindus count besides four secondary portions of science, called _Upangás_: these are: the _Puranas_, or poetical histories; the _Náya_, on ethics; the _Mímánsa_, on divine wisdom and on ceremonies; and the _D’harma s astra_, or the civil and canon laws (_Ward_, vol. IV. p. 55).――D. S. [100] Yojanagundhá (_Wilson’s Dict._) is a name of Satyavati, the mother of the sage and poet Vyása. [101] The great epic poem, _Mahábhárat_, is ascribed to Vyása, on the wars between the Kurus and the Gandus, when more than seven millions of men perished. Of the birth of Vyasa, who divided the Véda into eighteen parts, wrote eighteen _Puranas_, the eighteen _Upapuranas_, the _Kalkipurana_, the _Mahabhagavata_, the _Ekámrapurana_, the _Vedanta darshana_, and founded the _Vedanta_ sect, an account is given, by himself, in the Mahabharat.――(_Ward_, vol. III. p. 12).――D. S.