The Dance Festivals of the Alaskan EskimoHawkes, Ernest William
Religion
The Dance Festivals of the Alaskan Eskimo
Hawkes, Ernest William
Eskimos -- Alaska; Indian dance -- North America
[24] The same arrangement characterizes the finger masks of the
Inviting-In Dance. (Kiggilunok), meaning wand, in southern dialect.
[25] Southern dialect. Akkizhzhigik, Ptarmigan. Teibuviak, hawk;
Tulukauguk, meaning raven.
The following day the n['ae]skut assemble again, but they have doffed
their fine feathers, and are dressed in their oldest clothes. The
suits of the day before they carry in a grass sack. They wear
raincoats of sealgut tied about the waist with a belt of dogskin, and
enter the kasgi with eyes cast on the floor. Even in the dances they
keep their faces from the audience.
This attitude of humility is in accord with Eskimo ethics. They say
that if they adopt a boastful air and fail to give as many presents as
the other n['ae]skut they will be ashamed. So they safeguard themselves
in advance.
THE RITUAL
Advancing with downcast eyes, the n['ae]skut creep softly across the
kasgi and take their places before the funeral lamps. Then taking out
their festival garments, they slip them on. Immediately the drummers
start tapping lightly on their drums, and at a signal from their
leader the song of invitation begins. Each n['ae]skuk advances in turn,
invoking the presence of his dead in a sad minor strain.
Toakora ilyuga takina
Dead brother, come hither
A-yunga-ayunga-a-yunga.
Or:
Nuleaga awunga toakora
Sister mine, dead one,
Takina, nuleaga, takina,
Come hither, sister, come hither.
Or:
Akaga awunga takina
Mother mine, come hither.
Nanaktuk, takina,
We wait for you, come hither.
To which the chorus answer:
Ilyuga awunga takina,
Our brother, come hither,
Takinaka, ilyuga, takinaka,
Return, dead brother, return.
The women advance in line, holding their wands in the right hand, and
singing in unison; then the men advance in their turn, then both
n['ae]skut and chorus sing together:
Takinaka, awunga, tungalika,
Return to us, our dead kinsmen,
Nanakatuk, kineaktuk tungal[i=]ka
We wait your home coming, our dead kinsmen.
Suddenly the drummers cease and rap sharply on the in['g]lak with
their drumsticks. The dancers stop in the midst of their movements and
stamp on the floor, first with one foot then with the other, placing
their hands on their shoulders, bringing them down over their bodies
as though wiping off some unseen thing. Then they slap their thighs
and sit down. I am informed that this is to "wipe off" any uncleanness
(wahok) that might offend the shades of the dead.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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