Exposure of Children in Rome--Comments by Latin Authors upon the Practice--Terence--Seneca--Suetonius--Rebukes by Early Christian Preachers--Quintilian--Tertullian--Lactantius--First "Children's Asylum" under Trajan--Charity of the Antonines--Legislation of the Christian Emperors--Influence of the Germanic Races--Legislation on the Exposure of Children--First Children's Asylums in the Christian Era--Brother Guy--Neglected Children the only Remains of Ancient "Dangerous Classes"--Change Wrought by Christianity--Influence of Christianity in Reform........................................................pp. 13-24 CHAPTER II. THE PROLETAIRES OF NEW YORK. Not so Numerous as in London, but more Dangerous--Dens of Crime and Fever-nests--Advantage of Breaking them up--The Unrestrained Vices of this Class--Their Ignorance and Brutality--Dependence on Politicians--Gangs of Youthful Criminals--Similar Dangers here as in Paris--The Riots of 1863--Numbers of the Vagrant Class--Composition of this Dangerous Element........................................pp. 25-31 CHAPTER III. CAUSES OF CRIME. Preventible and Non-preventible--Ignorance--Numbers of Illiterates in City Prisons and Reformatories--Orphanage--Statistics--Orphans in Mettrai--Emigration--Effect in Producing Crime--Numbers of Prisoners of Foreign Births--Figures--Hopeful Features--Fewer Paupers Immigrate--Want of Trade--Selfishness of Unions--Aversion to Steady Industry..pp. 32-38 CHAPTER IV. CAUSES OF CRIME--WEAKNESS OF MARRIAGE-TIE. Reasons why Second Marriage is Productive of Crime among the Poor--Force of Public Opinion in Preserving Marriage-bond--Weakening of it by Emigration--Fruits of Free Love among the Poor--INHERITANCE--Power of Transmitted Tendencies in Producing Crime--Hopeful Feature in New York--Few Continued Families of Paupers and Criminals--Action of Natural Selection in Favor of Virtue--Vicious Organizations Die Out--Explanation of Extraordinary Improvement in Children under Reformatory Influences--The Immediate Influences of Bad Parents Overcome by the Transmitted Tendencies of Virtuous Ancestors, and by New Circumstances--The Incessant Change of our People Favorable to Virtue--Villages more Exposed to Criminal Families than Cities--Causes................................................pp. 39-50 CHAPTER V. CAUSES OF CRIME--OVERCROWDING.