Form of New York--Its Effect on Population--Bad Government Increases Rents--Rate of Population to the Square Mile in the Eleventh Ward--In the Tenth, Seventeenth, and other Wards--In London--Greater Overcrowding in New York--Instance of Overcrowding in the First Ward--Effect on the Criminal Habits of Girls--The Dens of Criminal Boys--Cellar Population--Effect of Overcrowding on the Death-rate--Upon the Crime of the City-Remedies--Better Means of Distributing Population--Improved Communications with the Country--Cheap and Honest Government--Organized Movement for Transferring Labor to the Country--Remedy in Sanitary Legislation--Effect of British Lodging-house Acts--Cellar Population of Liverpool--The Model Lodging-houses--Great Need of them in New York..........................................................pp. 51-63 CHAPTER VI. CAUSES OF CRIME--INTEMPERANCE. The Power of Alcoholic Stimulus on the Laboring-man--Attraction of the Liquor-shop--Terrible Effects of Drunkenness--Number of Criminals in City Prisons Intemperate--Little Drunkenness among Children--Great Effects of the Total Abstinence Reform--Good Influence of the Irish Catholic Clergy--Necessity for other Remedies--Cultivation of Higher Tastes--Influence of the Sydenham Palace Gardens in England--Effects of Parks and Pictures--Open-Air Drinking not so Dangerous--Museums, Parks, Gardens, and Reading-rooms, the beat Temperance Societies--Few Children of the Industrial Schools become Drunkards--Comparative Good Effects of Light Wines--Liquor Laws--Former Sunday Law a Happy Medium--The Habits of the Germans should have been considered--Mistake of the Reformers--Intemperance, next to War, the Greatest Evil of Humanity--Other Remedies than Total Abstinence must be employed......................................................pp. 64-73 CHAPTER VII. ORGANIZATION OF A REMEDY. Necessity of One Organization to Deal with Youthful Criminal Classes--Error made of using too Technical Religious Methods--Error of Following too much European Precedents--Asylums not so much Needed in America--Pioneer Work among the Dangerous Classes Twenty Years Ago--Captain Matsell's Report--Labors of the Writer in the Five Points--Numbers of Homeless Children in the Streets--Sad Sight of Child-Prisoners--"The Social Evil"--Mr. Pease's Labors--The Necessity Felt of a General Organization--Novel Method of Reforming Young "Roughs"--BOYS' MEETINGS--The Chaffing of Street-boys--Quick Repartees--Kind of Oratory Necessary--The Lads Open for Earnest Words--The Meetings only Pioneer Work--Succeeded by more Thorough Influences--The Founders of the Different Meetings............pp. 74-83 CHAPTER VIII. A NEW ORGANIZATION.