World War, 1914-1918 -- Campaigns -- Turkey -- Gallipoli Peninsula
The two decisive meetings of the War Council on January 13 and January
28 followed. At the former meeting Mr. Churchill explained the details
of Admiral Carden’s plan, adding that, besides certain older ships,
two new battle-cruisers, one being the _Queen Elizabeth_, could be
employed.[38] He thus revived his Antwerp experience of big-gun power
against fortresses. When the exposition of the whole design was
completed, Lord Kitchener gave it as his opinion that “the plan was
worth trying. We could leave off the bombardment if it did not prove
effective.” In this delusive belief the War Council arrived at the
momentous decision:
“The Admiralty should prepare for a naval expedition in February to
bombard and take the Gallipoli Peninsula, with Constantinople as its
objective.”[39]
Although the word “take” is used, the Council had no intention at
this time of employing a military force. It was assumed that none was
available. The same meeting sanctioned Sir John French’s plan for an
offensive in France (the offensive which degenerated into the attack on
Neuve Chapelle in March). In case of a naval failure, the ships could
be withdrawn; in case of success, there was talk of a revolution in
Constantinople, and upon that hope the Council gambled.[40]
During this meeting Lord Fisher, together with Admiral Wilson and Sir
James Murray, sat dumb as usual, and his silence was as usual taken
for assent. When the Council had arrived at their resolution, he
considered his sole duty was to assist in carrying it out. The very
next day he signed a memorandum from Mr. Churchill strongly advising
that we should devote ourselves to “the methodical forcing of the
Dardanelles,”[41] and he added the two powerful battleships _Lord
Nelson_ and _Agamemnon_ to the fleet allotted for this operation.
But his underlying difference of opinion became steadily stronger.
In evidence, Mr. Churchill said he “could see that Lord Fisher was
increasingly worried about the Dardanelles situation. He reproached
himself for having agreed to begin the operation.... His great wish was
to put a stop to the whole thing.... I knew he wanted to break off the
whole operation and come away.”[42] On January 25 Lord Fisher took the
unusual course of writing to Mr. Asquith and stating his objections.
He considered the Dardanelles would divert from another large plan of
naval policy which he had in mind; further, that it was calculated to
dissipate our naval strength, and to risk the older ships (besides
the invaluable men) which formed our only reserve behind the Grand
Fleet.[43]
[Sidenote: MR. CHURCHILL’S INSISTENCE]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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