------------------------------------------------------------------------ AUTHOR’S PREFACE In spite of the very modest scale on which this book has been written, I trust that it may be of some use to students of European History. Though there are several excellent monographs in existence dealing with various sections of the period 476-918, there is no continuous general sketch in English which covers the whole of it. Gibbon’s immortal work is popularly supposed to do so, but those who have read it most carefully are best aware that it does not. I am not acquainted with any modern English book where the inquirer can find an account of the Lombard kings, or of the Mohammedan invasions of Italy and Sicily in the ninth century, or of several other not unimportant chapters in the early history of Europe. I am in hopes, therefore, that my attempt to cover the whole field between 476 and 918 may not be entirely useless to the reading public. I must acknowledge my indebtedness to two living authors, whose works have been of the greatest possible help to me in dealing with two great sections of this period, Doctor Gustav Richter, whose admirable collection of original authorities in his _Annalen des Fränkischen Reichs_ makes such an excellent introduction to the study of Merovingian and Carolingian times, and Professor Bury of Dublin, whose _History of the Later Roman Empire_ has done so much for the knowledge of East-Roman affairs between 476 and 800. Nor must I omit to express my indebtedness to the kindly and diligent hands which spent so many summer hours in the laborious task of compiling my index. A word ought, perhaps, to be added on the vexed question of the spelling of proper names. I have always chosen the most modern form in speaking of places, but in speaking of individuals I have employed that used by contemporary authorities, save in the case of a few very well known names, such as Charles, Henry, Gregory, Lewis, where archaism would savour of pedantry. OXFORD, _November 1893._ PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION The author has to acknowledge much kind help in the revision of this second edition given him by the Rev. Dr. Bright, Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History; by Mr. C. H. Turner, Fellow of Magdalen College; by the Rev. F. E. Brightman, of University College; and by the unwearied compiler of the index. They have materially improved the accuracy of the book by their suggestions. _October 30, 1894._ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. ODOACER AND THEODORIC, 476-493, 1 II. THEODORIC KING OF ITALY, 493-526, 19 III. THE EMPERORS AT CONSTANTINOPLE, 476-527, 33 IV. CHLODOVECH AND THE FRANKS IN GAUL, 55 481-511,