V. JUSTINIAN AND HIS WARS, 528-540, 65 VI. JUSTINIAN—(_continued_), 540-565, 89 VII. THE EARLIER FRANKISH KINGS AND THEIR 111 ORGANISATION OF GAUL, 511-561, VIII. THE VISIGOTHS IN SPAIN, 531-603, 128 IX. THE SUCCESSORS OF JUSTINIAN, 565-610, 145 X. DECLINE AND DECAY OF THE MEROVINGIANS, 158 561-656, XI. THE LOMBARDS IN ITALY AND THE RISE OF 181 THE PAPACY, 568-653, XII. HERACLIUS AND MOHAMMED, 610-641, 204 XIII. THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE VISIGOTHS, 221 A.D. 603-711, XIV. THE CONTEST OF THE EASTERN EMPIRE AND 235 THE CALIPHATE, 641-717, XV. THE HISTORY OF THE GREAT MAYORS OF THE 256 PALACE, 656-720, XVI. THE LOMBARDS AND THE PAPACY, 653-743, 272 XVII. CHARLES MARTEL AND HIS WARS, 720-41, 289 XVIII. THE ICONOCLAST EMPERORS—STATE OF THE 300 EASTERN EMPIRE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY, 717-802, XIX. PIPPIN THE SHORT—WARS OF THE FRANKS AND 322 LOMBARDS, 741-768, XX. CHARLES THE GREAT—EARLY YEARS 335 768-785—CONQUEST OF LOMBARDY AND SAXONY, XXI. THE LATER WARS AND CONQUESTS OF CHARLES 357 THE GREAT, 785-814, XXII. CHARLES THE GREAT AND THE EMPIRE, 369 XXIII. LEWIS THE PIOUS, 814-840, 383 XXIV. DISRUPTION OF THE FRANKISH EMPIRE—THE 405 COMING OF THE VIKINGS, 840-855, XXV. THE DARKEST HOUR, 855-887. FROM THE 424 DEATH OF LOTHAIR I. TO THE DEPOSITION OF CHARLES THE FAT, XXVI. ITALY AND SICILY IN THE NINTH CENTURY, 446 827-924, XXVII. GERMANY, 888-918, 468 XXVIII. THE EASTERN EMPIRE IN THE NINTH CENTURY, 478 802-912, XXIX. THE END OF THE NINTH CENTURY IN WESTERN 496 EUROPE. CONCLUSION, INDEX 519 -------------- MAPS NO. PAGE 1. The Perso-Roman Frontier under 91 Justinian, 2. The Frankish Kingdoms in 511, 112 3. The Frankish Kingdoms in 575, 160 4. Italy in 590, 189 5. The Asiatic Themes, 243