I have not space to quote the many hymns to the Sun-gods which have been recovered from the inscriptions, but the following extracts will show that the worship was in the main at sunrise or sunset--in other words, that the _horizon_ was in question:-- "Thou disk of the Sun, thou living God! There is none other beside thee. Thou givest health to the eyes through thy beams, Creator of all beings. _Thou goest up on the eastern horizon of the heaven_ to dispense life to all which thou hast created--to man, four-footed beasts, birds, and all manner of creeping things on the earth where they live. Thus they behold thee, and they go to sleep when thou settest." Hymn to Tmu-- "Come to me, O thou Sun, Horus of the horizon, give me help." Hymn to Horus-- "O Horus of the horizon, there is none other beside thee, Protector of millions, deliverer of tens of thousands." Hymn to Rā-Tmu-Horus-- "Hail to thee of the double horizon, the one god living by Maāt.... I am the maker of heaven and of the mysteries of the twofold horizon." [Illustration: OSIRIS (AS A MUMMY).] Hymn to Osiris-- "O Osiris! Thou art the youth _at the horizon_ of heaven daily, and thine old age at the beginning of all seasons.... "The _ever-moving_ stars are under obedience to him, and so are _the stars which set_." [Illustration: OSIRIS SEATED.] Hymn to Rā-- "O Rā! in thine egg, radiant in thy disk, shining forth from the horizon, swimming over the steel (?) firmament. "Tmu and Horus of the horizon pay homage to thee (Amen-Rā) in all their words." So far we have dealt with the powers of sunlight; but the ancient Egyptians, like ourselves, were familiar with the powers of darkness or of the underworld. The chief god antithetical to the sun was variously named--Sit, Set, Sut, Anubis, Typhon, Bes; and a host of other names was given to him. As I shall show, the idea of darkness was associated with the existence of those stars which never set, so that even here the symbolism was astronomical. [Illustration: VARIOUS FORMS OF BES--AS WARRIOR, MUSICIAN, AND BUFFOON.] The contrast between the representations of Bes and of the other forms suggests that the former was imported. In the form of Typhon the goddess Taurt is represented as a hippopotamus, while for Anubis the emblem is a jackal. In all illustrations of funeral ceremonies the above-mentioned figure largely. In the Book of the Dead we find that in the representations of the judgment of the dead, besides Osiris we have Anubis, both responsible for the weighing of the soul. With the moon we find two gods connected--Thothlunus and Khons-lunus--though the connection is not a very obvious one. Thoth is also associated with the Egyptian year, and is variously represented; all forms, however, are based upon the ibis. For the stars generally we find a special goddess, Sesheta. [Illustration: KHONS-LUNUS. THOTH-LUNUS. THE GODDESS SESHETA.]