The dawn of astronomy: A study of the temple-worship and mythology of the ancient Egyptians — John Shaqi
The dawn of astronomy: A study of the temple-worship and mythology of the ancient EgyptiansLockyer, Norman, Sir
Religion
The dawn of astronomy: A study of the temple-worship and mythology of the ancient Egyptians
Lockyer, Norman, Sir
Astronomy, Egyptian; Sun -- Mythology; Sun worship; Temples -- Egypt
Thoth as the sacred scribe and Sesheta as the star-goddess are often
represented together engaged in writing.
Associated with the phenomena of morning and evening we find the
following divinities. The attributes stated are those now generally
accepted. This is a subject which will occupy us in the sequel.
_Isis_ represents the Dawn and the Twilight; she prepares the way for
the Sun-god. The rising sun between Isis and Nephthys = morning.
[Illustration: THE WEIGHING OF THE SOUL BY HORUS AND ANUBIS IN PRESENCE
OF OSIRIS.]
_Nephthys_ is the Dawn and the Twilight, sometimes Sunset.
_Shu_ is also the Dawn, or sunlight, Tefnut represents the coloured
rays at dawn. Shu and Tefnut are the eyes of Horus. Shu was also
called "Neshem," which means green felspar, in consequence of the
green colour observed at dawn. The green tint at dawn and sunset are
represented further by the "sycamore of emerald." Sechet is another
goddess of the Dawn, the fiery Dawn.
[Illustration: THOTH AND SESHETA WRITING THE NAME OF RAMESES II. ON THE
FRUIT OF THE PERSEA.
(_Relief from the Ramesseum at Thebes._)]
The _red_ colours at sunset were said to be caused by the blood
flowing from the Sun-god when he hastens to his suicide. A legend
describes Isis as stanching the blood flowing from the wound inflicted
on Horus by Set.
[Illustration: CLEOPATRA AS THE GODDESS ISIS.]
_Hathor_ is, according to Budge, identified with Nu or Nu-t, the sky,
or place in which she brought forth and suckled Horus. She is the
female power of Nature, and has some of the attributes of Isis, Nu-t,
and Maāt.
[Illustration: ISIS (SEATED).]
We next have to gain some general idea of the Egyptian cosmogony--the
relation of the sun and dawn to the sky; this is very different from
the Indian view. The Sky is Nu or Nu-t, represented as a female figure
bending over Seb, the Earth, with her feet on one horizon and her
finger-tips on the other. Seb is represented by a recumbent figure,
while the sky, represented by the goddess Nu-t, is separated from the
earth by Shu, the god of air or sunlight. The daily journey of the
sun is represented by a god in a boat traversing the sky from east to
west. The goddess Nu-t is variously symbolised. Sometimes there is a
line of stars along her back, which clearly defines her nature, but
sometimes she is represented by a figure in which the band of stars is
accompanied by a band of water. This suggests the Jewish idea of the
firmament. We read of the firmament in the midst of the waters, which
divided the waters from the waters, the waters above being separated
from the waters below the firmament.
[Illustration: THE RISING SUN HORUS BETWEEN ISIS AND NEPHTHYS.]
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