The Deipnosophists; or, Banquet of the Learned of Athenæus, Vol. 2 (of 3)Athenaeus, of Naucratis
Philosophy
The Deipnosophists; or, Banquet of the Learned of Athenæus, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Athenaeus, of Naucratis
Civilization, Greco-Roman; Dinners and dining -- Greece; Greece -- Social life and customs; Homosexuality -- Greece
That wisest Epicurus, when a man
Once ask'd him what was the most perfect good
Which men should constantly be seeking for,
Said pleasure is that good.
Wisest and best Of mortal men, full truly didst thou speak:
For there is nothing better than a dinner,
And every good consists in every pleasure.
10. But the Epicureans are not the only men who are addicted to
pleasure; but those philosophers are so too who belong to what are
called the Cyrenaic and the Mnesistratean sects; for these men delight
to live luxuriously, as Posidonius tells us. And Speusippus did
not much differ from them, though he was a pupil and a relation of
Plato's. At all events, Dionysius the tyrant, in his letters to him,
enumerating all the instances of his devotion to pleasure, and also of
his covetousness, and reproaching him with having levied contributions
on numbers of people, attacks him also on account of his love for
Lasthenea, the Arcadian courtesan. And, at the end of all, he says
this—"Whom do you charge with covetousness, when you yourself omit no
opportunity of amassing base gain? For what is there that you have been
ashamed to do? Are you not now attempting to collect contributions,
after having paid yourself for Hermeas all that he owed?"
11. And about Epicurus, Timon, in the third book of his Silli, speaks
as follows:—
Seeking at all times to indulge his stomach,
Than which there's no more greedy thing on earth.
For, on account of his stomach, and of the rest of his sensual
pleasures, the man was always flattering Idomeneus and Metrodorus. And
Metrodorus himself, not at all disguising this admirable principle of
his, says, somewhere or other, "The fact is, Timocrates, my natural
philosopher, that every investigation which is guided by principles of
nature, fixes its ultimate aim entirely on gratifying the stomach." For
Epicurus was the tutor of all these men; who said, shouting it out, as
I may say, "The fountain and root of every good is the pleasure of the
stomach: and all wise rules, and all superfluous rules, are measured
alike by this standard." And in his treatise on the Chief Good, he
speaks nearly as follows: "For I am not able to understand what is
good, if I leave out of consideration the pleasures which arise from
delicately-flavoured food, and if I also leave out the pleasures which
arise from amatory indulgences; and if I also omit those which arise
from music, and those, too, which are derived from the contemplation
of beauty and the gratification of the eyesight." And, proceeding a
little further, he says, "All that is beautiful is naturally to be
honoured; and so is virtue, and everything of that sort, if it assists
in producing or causing pleasure. But if it does not contribute to that
end, then it may be disregarded.
12. And before Epicurus, Sophocles, the tragic poet, in his Antigone,
had uttered these sentiments respecting pleasure—
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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