(2.) _Those places that lie under the equinoctial (or thro’ which the equator passes) have no latitude, it being from thence that the calculation of latitudes is counted; and those places that lie under the Poles have the greatest latitude, those points being at the greatest distance from the equator._ (3.) _The latitude of any place is always equal to the elevation of the Pole in the same place above the horizon; and is therefore often expressed by the Pole’s height, or elevation of the Pole; the reason of which is, because from the equator to the Pole there is always the distance of 90 degrees, and from the zenith to the horizon the same number of degrees, each of these including the distance from the zenith to the Pole: That distance therefore being taken away from both, will leave the distance from the zenith to the equator, (which is the latitude) equal to the distance of the Pole to the horizon._ (4.) _The elevation of the equator in any place is always equal to the complement of the latitude of the same place._ (5.) _A ship sailed directly (towards/from) the equator (lessens/augments) her latitude, (or (depresses/raises) the Pole) just so much as is her distance sailed._ [Sidenote: _Difference of Latitude._] 2. _Difference of latitude_ is the nearest distance betwixt any two parallels of latitude, shewing how far the one is to the Northward or Southward of the other, which can never exceed 180 degrees. And when the two places are in the same hemisphere (or on the same side of the equator) the lesser latitude subtracted from the greater, and when they are on different sides of the equator, the two latitudes added, gives the difference of latitude. [Sidenote: _Longitude._] 3. The _Longitude_ of any place (upon the Earth) is an arch of the equator, contained betwixt the meridian of the given place, and some fixed or known meridian; or, it is equal to the angle formed by the two meridians, which properly can never exceed 180 degrees, tho’ sometimes the Longitude is counted Easterly quite round the globe.