Thousands of years elapsed before the most intelligent among the races established the length of the solar year. Those who lived in regions where the Sun’s altitude notably changes, _i. e._ far from the equator, undoubtedly reckoned time in years, without knowing its length expressed in days. Imagine a nomadic tribe like the Lapps in the north of Sweden. In the autumn their reindeer wander down toward the coast in search of food and the Lapps go with them. In spring the reindeer lead their masters back again to the mountains. It cannot very well escape the observation of these nomads that the Sun shines almost continuously during their stay in the uplands while dreary night reigns nearly without interruption during their sojourn in the lowlands. They are obviously forced to co-ordinate the beautiful summer with the duration of sunlight. To them, therefore, the Sun’s extraordinary great importance to life is unquestionable. The same holds true about all people who live sufficiently far from the equator. As a consequence, they become Sun-worshippers. It is not difficult to find examples of peoples who have worshipped the Sun; only a few of the more important ones will be mentioned here. The people of the bronze age here in the North were zealous Sun-worshippers thousands of years ago, as the many relics from this period, and particularly the rock-carvings, bear witness. The Celts of Western Europe have frequently symbolized the Sun as a cross, while the worship of Moon and stars seems to have been foreign to them as well as to the bronze-age people of the North. The Jewish Samson (Simson) was a Sun-hero, the name being related to the Babylonian Shamash, the Sun-god. In Hesiodos’ cosmogony the Sun (Helios) is mentioned before the Moon (Selene). The old Germans worshipped both Sun and Moon, particularly the former. The Slavs possessed a Sun-god Dazbogu, but no deity identified with the Moon. Similar conditions obtained among the Finnish forefathers. The Chinese Tao-priests light fires during the vernal equinox as we do at Walpurgis and midsummer, and they sacrifice rice and salt to the flames. “This is a remnant of the Sun-cult,” says Solomon Reinach, from whom these data in regard to Sun-worship principally are taken. In Japan, the Moon is of male sex, the Sun of female sex, which indicates that there, as with the Australian negroes, the Moon was originally considered more important than the Sun. Nevertheless the Japanese are now Sun-worshippers; the Sun is placed as emblem of the most high in their flag and the Mikado is known to trace his lineage from the Sun. They have, therefore, long ago passed from Moon-cult to Sun-cult. It is probable that this step was taken even earlier in China, where the Sun furthermore is of male sex. With growing civilization all people learn to understand, as have the Japanese, the superior importance of the Sun. The Incas of Peru, who reached a very high grade of culture, were sun-worshippers and called