Mr. Singer quotes from various authorities to show the derivation of the word _Naipes_, and says that “it may mean ‘flat’ or ‘even,’” which would describe a card; and also that the Hebrew word _Naibes_ denotes “sorcery, fortune-telling, prediction,” etc. Mr. Chatto derives the same word from one found in Hindostanee, _Na-eeb_ or _Naib_, which signifies a viceroy, lieutenant, or deputy, and says: “As the game of Chess was known in Hindostan by the name of ‘The Four Kings,’ if cards were suggested by Chess and invented in the same country, the supposition that they might have been called _Chatier-Nawaub_, ‘The Four Viceroys,’ as the cognate game of Chess was called ‘The Four Kings,’ and that this name subsequently became changed into _Chartati-Naib_, is at least as probable as the derivation of _Naipes_ from _N. P._, the initials of Nicolas Pepin, their supposed inventor;” which derivation is gravely given by another author. It is only in Italy that the old name of _Naipes_ or _Naibi_ is retained. In Portugal the word has become corrupted into _Naipe_; in Spain, _Naypes_ or _Naipes_. In France cards are called _Cartes à jouer_; and a pack is named a _Jeu_. In Germany they are termed _Briefe_ and _Karten_ and _Spielkarten_. In Holland the name is _Kaarten_ or _Speelkaarten_; in Denmark, _Kort_ or _Spelkort_; and in Russia, _Kartu_. The term _Alea_, which was frequently employed in ancient ordinances and laws, seems to cover all games of chance, and is not used to signify playing-cards alone. The derivation of the English word _card_ from the French _carte_ is too plain to require further comment. THE CLASSIFICATION OF PACKS OF CARDS INTO SUITS. Ever since the fifteenth century evidences of the existence and popularity of cards have been found in Italy, Spain, Germany, and France. The names, colours, emblems, number, and form change with the countries or caprices of the card-makers; but what are termed _Cartes Tarots_ or _Cartes Françaises_ are always the original cards which came from the East, and which are in a greater or less degree faithful imitations of the still more ancient game of Chess. It is related that on the 5th of March, 1423, Saint Bernardin, of Sienna, addressed a crowd which had assembled before a church in that place, and inveighed with such energy and eloquence against all games of chance that his hearers rushed to search for their dice, their chess, and their cards, and lighting a large bonfire, immolated them on the spot. One man stood by who watched mournfully the movements of the frantic crowd, and then bursting into tears cried out to the preacher: “Father,” quoth he, “I make cards. I have no other work by which I can make a livelihood; by stopping my profession, you condemn me to starve.” “If painting is the only thing you can do for a living,” replied the preacher, “take this picture [showing him the sacred monogram surrounded by brilliant rays] and copy it.”