The discovery and decipherment of the trilingual cuneiform inscriptionsBooth, Arthur John
History
The discovery and decipherment of the trilingual cuneiform inscriptions
Booth, Arthur John
Achaemenian inscriptions; Cuneiform inscriptions
We have already said that Burnouf suspected that _m_ was the true value
of the sign Grotefend made an _h_, and that he only rejected it because
he could not reconcile himself to the existence of two signs for the
same sound. Lassen was less influenced by such considerations, and when
he came to a word that transliterated ‘A r—i n,’ he had no scruple in
completing it by writing an _m_ for the unknown letter. Indeed the word
occurred exactly where, from geographical considerations he would be led
to expect ‘Armenia,’ and the conclusion would have been irresistible even
if it had not been confirmed by the name ‘Choras_m_ia’ which he observed
a little farther down in his list.[454] He made the useful remark that
the sign was always preceded by _i_, the full signification of which was
not then apparent. We now know that it is precisely the _m_ before _i_.
The discovery of the sign for _d_ was a happy intuition, and rested on
slight evidence. He found in the eighteenth line a name of which he knew
four letters, _a_ _i_—_u_ _s_, and he divined that the unknown letter
was _d_, which enabled him to read ‘Aidus’ = India.[455] This guess was
confirmed by one other instance only, where the same sign will make
‘_d_aquista,’ which he thought was Zend for ‘the wisest.’ The word is
really ‘duvaishtam’ and has quite another signification.
We have not noticed how he arrived at the value _g_ for Grotefend’s _u_,
or for the sign which Grotefend thought was a defective _n_. We find them
without explanation in the place where they appear to be mentioned for
the first time.[456] The first is _g_ before _a_; the other _g_ before
_u_.
In addition to the six correct values just enumerated, Lassen was also
very nearly successful in two others—_w_ (𐎺, 10) and _t_ (𐏂, 13), really
_v_ before _a_ and _tr_ before _a_. The latter he correctly acknowledged
in a later work.
The first is the _e_ of Grotefend in his ‘Darh_e_usch.’ Lassen had
the Hebrew form of the name ‘Darjavesch’ in his mind, and no doubt he
suspected the presence of the sound of _v_ in the Old Persian word. The
discovery of the _w_ was certainly ingenious, though scarcely convincing,
if it had not been supported from other sources.[457] At the end of the
B inscription there is a word in the nominative, ‘Akun_u_sh,’ which is
found elsewhere with the accusative termination _m_, but, instead of
the _u_, the sign now under discussion is substituted—that is, instead
of ‘nus,’ we have _n_ 𐎺 _m_. Now, he argued, it is impossible either in
Zend or Sanscrit for a word whose theme ends with _u_ to lose it in the
accusative; and therefore the unknown sign must either be a _u_ or the
corresponding half-vocal _v_.[458] But in Darius, the letter that follows
is a _u_, and therefore it must be the half-vocal—the only question being
whether it is the Zend _v_ or _w_. He eventually erroneously decided for
the _w_, and pointed to two other words _wᵃsna_ and _wᵃzᵃrk_, where as a
_w_ it would make excellent sense.[459]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account