Rawlinson translates two paragraphs of the Behistun Inscription for the Royal Asiatic Society: A.D. 1838 244 He deciphers two new characters: A.D. 1839 248 Grotefend’s later contributions: Identifies Artaxerxes: A.D. 1837 251 Lassen and Westergaard’s edition of the Persian and Susian Inscriptions: A.D. 1845 253 Holtzmann’s Criticism 262 Edward Hincks begins his contributions: June 1846 265 Rawlinson’s Supplementary Note and Memoir: A.D. 1846 271 Estimate of his claims as a decipherer 275 His revised Translation of the Inscriptions 291 Hitzig, Benfey, and Oppert: A.D. 1847 294 CHAPTER V Decipherment of the Second or Susian Column: Westergaard to Oppert: A.D. 1844-52 298 The early efforts of Grotefend 299 Westergaard’s Essay and Translations: A.D. 1844-5 300 Hincks’s Contributions: A.D. 1846-7 307 De Saulcy, Löwenstern, and Holtzmann: A.D. 1850 309 Norris: Contributions to ‘J. R. A. S.’: 1855 314 Oppert’s first success 320 Old Susian and Malamir Inscriptions 322 Various names proposed for the Second Column 324 Oppert on ‘Le Peuple des Mèdes’: A.D. 1879 326 CHAPTER VI Decipherment of the Third or Babylonian Column: Hincks and Rawlinson: A.D. 1846-51 337 The Babylonian Inscriptions: Michaux Stone and East India House 337 The Assyrian Inscriptions discovered by Botta and Layard: A.D. 1843-5 339 Botta: ‘Essai de Déchiffrement’: A.D. 1845 343 On the Varieties of Writing 343 The language of the Babylonian and Assyrian Inscriptions shown to be identical with that of the Third Column—It is Semitic 348 First attempt to decipher it—Grotefend: A.D. 1824-40 352 Löwenstern on Asdod: A.D. 1845 355 Hincks’s Essay of June 1846 357 Rawlinson: A.D. 1847 362 Criticised by Löwenstern in ‘Exposé des Eléments’: A.D. 1847 364 Hincks: The Khorsabad Inscription: June 1849 369 ” The Appendix: Jan. 1850 374