There are dyers who likewise dye worsted and woollen yarn of those grain colours, but they are generally a distinct branch. The yarn is dyed in hanks, upon sticks; and, when in the copper, the hanks are changed end for end, so that they may be kept even; such changing being performed five or six times to each turning in. There are also silk dyers who are grain dyers. These dye in the skein, chiefly for new goods. Some silk, and some mixed silk and worsted goods, are dyed in the piece. In _dyeing cotton_, the _Adrianople_ or _Turkey Red_ is, in many cases, a branch of itself, and comes the nearest to what may be called grain or scarlet dyeing upon cotton, because cochineal cannot be applied to cotton to any advantage; yet cotton is occasionally dyed with this material. In woollen another branch consists of the _woad dyers_. These often superintend the black dye on woollen cloth, as well as the blue from woad and indigo. There is the same distinction among _worsted yarn dyers_, they having likewise to do slates, greys, &c. Nearly the same may be said of the _silk skein dyers_. In many places, particularly in the country, browns, drabs, stone-colours, &c. constitute a branch in woollen. The same colours form also a branch in calico and muslin; but _black_, in calico and muslin, is a distinct branch. The dyers (whether in London or provincial towns) who keep shops, and take in garments, furniture, &c. to be dyed, are termed by the trade _Rag-dyers_. There are a few dyers in the metropolis who dye _black_ on woollen, silk, cotton, &c. for the dye-shops, many of these putting all their black out to be dyed. There are one or two dyers famous for dyeing silk stockings _black_; these constitute a particular branch. Dyeing bombasins black is also another branch. The following constitute also particular branches: _black hats,—hats of fancy colours,—fur,—chip and straw,—feathers,—leather, Morocco and Spanish, and kid leather for shoes and gloves_. Many other branches of the dye-trade might be enumerated, but more detail does not appear necessary.