ARGOL, or TARTAR, is a crystalline substance deposited in wine casks during the fermentation of the wine, from the juice of the grape, in which it exists in considerable abundance. It is an impure _supertartate of potash_; that is, potash combined with a superabundant quantity of _tartaric acid_. Algol is found in commerce of two colours, _white_ and _red_. _Cream of tartar_ is the same substance freed from colouring and other extraneous matter. BLOOD. See ADRIANOPLE RED. BRAN acts in some peculiar way on colouring matter, but scarcely on the mordants. It seems to loosen and remove the colouring matter; as also to alter its hue in some cases, an effect obvious in the bran pinks.—URE. CHLORINE. See OXYMURIATIC ACID. COCHINEAL is the female insect of the _coccus cacti_ found on the _cactus coccinellifer_ and _cactus opuntia_, _Prickly pear_ or _Indian fig_, natives of South America, the West Indies, and other tropical regions. The female of the insect is the true cochineal; in her full sized, pregnant, and torpid state, she bears so small a proportion to her former or creeping state, that her antennæ, legs and proboscis are scarcely discernible; her whole appearance is that of a whitish berry, and so it was formerly regarded. This insect is found in a wild state in Mexico, Georgia, South Carolina, and some of the West India Islands, feeding on several species of the _cactus_; but in some of the Spanish settlements, as well as in Mexico, the insect is domesticated, and fed on the cactus coccinellifer, which is cultivated for the purpose, on which it attains a much larger size than in its wild state. Cochineal is also obtained from the East Indies; but East Indian cochineal has not yet attained the quality of that produced in the West Indies and America. Its use, as a colour for dyeing many shades of red, &c. is great and important. COPPER is also used in dyeing, in the state of a _sulphate_ or _blue copperas_, a _nitrate_, and also as an _acetate_. See VERDIGRIS. The GALL or BILE of ANIMALS consists of a saponaceous bitter, yellowish fluid, secreted by the liver, and found in the sac usually called the gall-bladder. It is sometimes preferred to soap for cleansing cloths by the dyer and the scourer.