The Early History of English Poor ReliefLeonard, E. M., of Girton College
History
The Early History of English Poor Relief
Leonard, E. M., of Girton College
Poor laws -- Great Britain -- History
In this agreement Francis Newby and his wife Jane undertook to attend
regularly at Cheeseman's house to learn his trade of knitting,
spinning, dressing of wool and keeping his mill. Newby and his wife
were to have the oversight and teaching of thirty scholars. They were
to be paid 40_s._, twopence for every pair of stockings knitted by a
scholar and the full price of their own work. They were also to have
such profit as might arise from "amending and footing all stockings"
brought unto them.
On the same day it was agreed by the Corporation that the Knitter
should be paid 16_s._ 8_d._ for ten wheels which he had provided and
the overseers arranged to visit the school in turn.
This Lincoln school very closely resembles the experiment tried at St
Albans. It shows the corporation attempting to provide employment and
technical education at the same time for the children of the town.
[252] For Leicester see _Growth of English History and Commerce_, W.
Cunningham, Vol. II., p. 60 note.
[253] Alexander H. A. Hamilton, _Quarter Sessions from Queen Elizabeth
to Queen Anne_, p. 16. At Windsor also the following resolution was
adopted: "All the brethren of the hall and all other inhabitants shall
be assessed according to their ability by the subsidie after the rate
of 12_d._ in the pound towards levying of a stock to set the poore on
work." Mr Gwyn and Mr Harris were appointed Governors of the poore for
the first year. _Annals of Windsor._ I. 637. Tighe and Davis quoting
Ash. Mans. No. 1126.
But perhaps more often a workhouse or hospital was erected. At Reading
one was built on the site of the house of the Grey Friars. This
hospital contained twenty-one children and fourteen old persons. The
funds were provided by the poor's box, by private contributions, by
collections in the three parishes, and by the work of the poor. The
accounts are in existence from 1578 to 1648, and the value of the work
of the poor was very considerable. For the fourth quarter of the year
1578 it amounted to £12. 8_s._ 8_d._[254], and this at a time when the
ordinary sum paid for the maintenance of an adult poor person was about
a shilling a week. There were also Poor Houses at Colchester and at
King's Lynn[255].
[254] Coates' _Reading_, pp. 307-8.
[255] Morant's _Essex_, p. 182. For King's Lynn see Chapter XI.
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