The Early History of English Poor ReliefLeonard, E. M., of Girton College
History
The Early History of English Poor Relief
Leonard, E. M., of Girton College
Poor laws -- Great Britain -- History
Unfortunately the fund thus raised was not sufficient and efforts
were made to reduce the expenditure and to collect the whole of the
amount assessed. The aldermen were to summon the governors of the
hospitals and were to interview the poor people themselves as well as
the churchwardens. They had then the unpleasant task of lowering the
pensions already granted because "the colleccon all readie appoynted
will not serve to advance suche ample pencons." They had also carefully
to see that no one received anything who was not born in the parish
or an inhabitant for the full time appointed by the statute[210]. By
these means it was hoped that it would not be necessary to spend
more than the sum raised by this semi-voluntary poor-rate. In March,
1573, the contributions for the next year became due while some of the
contributions for the previous year were still in arrear; the Lord
Mayor found it necessary to complain of the negligent execution of the
statute for the poor "by reason whearof this Cittie before this tyme
bearinge the name of a Lanterne to all other the Quene's maiestie's
domynions in example of good order and due execucon of good Laws is
accompted to some farre behynde other places in the due execucon of
this statute to the greate greffe of well willers to the same[211]."
Henceforward every part of the precept concerning the poor was to be
"dulye and carefullie put in execucon."
[210] _Ib._ f. 32 b.
[211] _Journals_, f. 42.
By next year it was evident that even if the assessments were properly
paid the funds would be insufficient. The Mayor therefore fell back
on the old plan of collections in the churches after the Sunday
sermons[212]. An ancient custom of the City was also utilised. The
Companies in state attended by turns the sermons in Easter week at St
Mary's Spittal. Special collections were then to be made for the poor
and the money given to the Mayor that it might be distributed where
there was most need "by the handes of good and godly citizens[213]."
[212] _Ib._ Vol. XX., No. 1, f. 119.
[213] _Ib._ f. 122 b, 8th April, 1574.
In these precepts of 1572, 1573, and 1574 the City rulers employ
voluntary methods and avoid compulsory poor-rates as far as possible.
It is however evident that the voluntary subscriptions were inadequate.
The municipal basis of the organisation is strongly marked; the sums
collected under the assessments were to be paid to the governors of
Christ's Hospital and the chief part of the money seems to have been
expended by the City and not by the parochial officials[214].
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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